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Interactions between microplastics, model pesticides and microalgae in wastewater
Summary
Researchers investigated interactions between microplastics, model pesticides, and microalgae in wastewater treatment systems, examining how the co-presence of microplastic particles and pesticide contaminants affects the efficiency of microalgae-based treatment for removing nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater intended for agricultural reuse.
Sonaravne tehnologije čiščenja odpadne vode, kot je npr. čiščenje s pomočjo mikroalg, omogočajo privzem dušikovih in fosfornih spojin (hranil) v algno biomaso. Ob tem sta ključna dva učinka: ponovna uporaba obogatene biomase v kmetijstvu in prečiščena odpadna voda. Tovrstni način izkoriščanja alternativnih zalog hranil je trajnosten, saj preprečuje njihovo izgubo in hkrati zmanjšuje njihovo spiranje s kmetijskih in drugih površin v površinske vode (evtrofikacija). Na učinkovitost čiščenja odpadne vode vplivajo prisotna onesnaževala, kot so npr. pesticidi in delci mikroplastike (MP). V doktorskem delu smo raziskovali tri področja: a) razvoj metode za identifikacijo delcev MP v modelnih in okoljskih vzorcih tal in odpadne vode, b) interakcije med mikroalgami, MP in modelnimi pesticidi v odpadni vodi ter c) vektorsko sposobnost delcev MP za prenos modelnih pesticidov v kmetijskih tleh. Metodo za identifikacijo delcev MP iz kompleksnih okoljskih vzorcev smo razvili na osnovi taljenja delcev MP in ekstrakciji polimerno specifičnih lahkohlapnih spojin na mikroekstrakcijsko vlakno. Desorpcijo in analizo smo v nadaljevanju izvedli s plinsko kromatografijo na masno detekcijo. Rezultati študij interakcij med mikroalgami vrste Chlorella vulgaris, MP (PE, PET, PS) in modelnimi pesticidi (acetamiprid, klorantraniliprol, flubendiamid) niso vplivali na rast mikroalgne kulture. Pesticidi, ne pa tudi delci MP, so povečali proizvodnjo fotosintetskih pigmentov ter koncentracijo amonija in ortofosfata v odpadni vodi. Potrdili smo vektorsko sposobnost delcev MP, ki je bila odvisna od hidrofilnosti oziroma hidrofobnosti pesticida in polimerno sestavo delcev. Največ hidrofobnega pesticida, flubendiamida, je zadržal PE, nekoliko manj PS in najmanj PPc, PET in PES. Dokazali smo, da zvišanje vsebnosti algne biomase v aluvialnih tleh poveča delež sorpcije acetamiprida, a ne vpliva na delež sorpcije klorantraniliprola in flubendiamida.
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