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Joint effects of microplastic and dufulin on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and metabolic profile of the earthworm (Eisenia fetida)
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This study investigated the combined effects of microplastics and the antiviral pesticide dufulin on earthworms (Eisenia fetida), finding that co-exposure amplified bioaccumulation, increased oxidative stress, and disrupted metabolic profiles compared to either pollutant alone.
Microplastics and pesticides are identified as two environmental pollutants that have an adverse impact on the environment. The knowledge about the combined exposure of pesticides and microplastics may facilitate further assessment of their ecotoxicity. In this study, we investigated joint effects of microplastic and dufulin on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and metabolic profile of the earthworm. Bioaccumulation analysis showed that the bio-soil accumulation factor of dufulin in earthworms reached its maximum value on the 14th day, and microplastics could significantly increase the bioaccumulation of dufulin in earthworms. Biochemical analysis showed that the oxidative damage of earthworms could be observed on the 14th day of the exposure to dufulin, while the oxidative damage of earthworms could be observed on the 7th day of the combined exposure to microplastics and dufulin, and it could still be observed on the 14th day. H-NMR-based metabolomics revealed that the exposure of dufulin significantly altered the relative abundances of 14 metabolites and two metabolic pathways, but the combined exposure of dufulin and microplastics significantly changed the relative abundances of 21 metabolites and three metabolic pathways. It could be seen that microplastics could aggravate the oxidative damage and the interference with the metabolic profile caused by dufulin to earthworms. The results of this study could provide effective information for the risk assessment of dufulin and microplastic in environmental safety.
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Researchers studied the combined effects of polyethylene microplastics and the pesticide carbendazim on earthworms and found that the two pollutants together caused worse damage than either alone. The combined exposure led to growth problems, oxidative stress, and organ damage even at lower concentrations. Since earthworms are essential for soil health and microplastics and pesticides commonly co-exist in farmland, these findings suggest that agricultural soil contamination could have cascading effects on the food system.
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Researchers studied the combined effects of the pesticide boscalid and polystyrene microplastics on earthworms, finding that the interaction between the two contaminants significantly altered earthworm metabolic profiles. The severity of effects depended on both the pesticide dose and the size of the microplastic particles. The study highlights that microplastics in agricultural soils may interact with pesticides to create synergistic toxic effects on soil organisms.
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Researchers exposed earthworms to a combination of microplastics and the herbicide 2,4-D and found that the co-exposure caused distinct changes in gut metabolism and microbial communities compared to either pollutant alone. The combined pollutants disrupted metabolic pathways and shifted the balance of gut bacteria in ways neither contaminant produced individually. The findings suggest that microplastics and pesticides together may pose greater ecological risks to soil organisms than previously understood.
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Scientists studied how the pesticide azoxystrobin and aged polyethylene microplastics together affect earthworms, and found the combination was significantly more toxic than either pollutant alone. The aged microplastics helped the earthworms absorb more pesticide, leading to greater weight loss, more oxidative damage, and worse intestinal damage. This is important for human health because it shows that microplastics in agricultural soil can increase the bioavailability and toxicity of pesticides that may end up in our food.
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