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Exposure to textile microplastic fibers impairs epithelial growth
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This study found that nylon and polyester textile microplastic fibers impaired the growth and differentiation of epithelial cells in laboratory experiments, suggesting that inhaled fibers may damage lung tissue. The findings provide a potential biological mechanism for the lung disease observed in workers who inhale nylon flock particles occupationally.
Microplastics are a pressing global concern. Inhalation of microplastic fibers has been associated with interstitial lung disease related to alveolar epithelial damage in nylon flock workers. However, the means by which fibers affect lung tissue and epithelial growth remains unknown. Our aim was to assess the effects of nylon and polyester textile microplastic fibers on epithelial growth and differentiation using airway and alveolar lung organoids cultured from epithelial cell progenitors, isolated both from murine lungs and human lung tissue obtained from COPD patients. Exposure to nylon (11x30 µm) or polyester (15x53 µm) microfibers resulted in significantly fewer and smaller human and murine airway organoids after 14 days of culture, the effect being most profound with nylon. Alveolar organoids were not affected by these fibers. Incubation with nylon- or polyester-conditioned medium also resulted in fewer airway organoids. Effects were mainly observed in developing airway organoids; exposure of developed organoids from day 14 to day 21 to fibers or fiber-conditioned medium had no significant effect on organoid number or size. In conclusion, airway organoid formation is negatively impacted by the presence of textile microplastic fibers and this effect appears to be mediated by leaching additives. Our results suggest that microplastic fibers may especially harm the developing airways or airways undergoing repair. Further studies will focus on identifying these additives and the mechanism behind their effect. Importantly, wider investigations into the presence of microplastic fibers in human lung tissue are urgently needed to determine the actual risk of these fibers to human health.
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Inhalable Textile Microplastic Fibers Impair Airway Epithelial Differentiation
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Researchers exposed lung cells and mice to textile microplastic fibers (nylon and polyester) and found that nylon fibers significantly impaired airway cell growth and development. The damage came from chemicals leaching out of the nylon rather than the physical fibers themselves, and the effects persisted even after exposure ended. This is relevant because textile fibers are one of the most common types of microplastics people inhale daily.
Inhalable textile microplastic fibers impair lung repair
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Human and murine lung organoid experiments showed that nylon microfibers, but not polyester fibers, impaired airway organoid growth and development, with the damage driven by leached components rather than physical obstruction, raising concerns for lung health during early development.
Inhalable textile microplastic fibers impair lung repair
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Inhalable textile microplastic fibers were tested in a lung repair model, with results showing that fibers significantly impaired alveolar epithelial healing and disrupted normal lung tissue regeneration. The study provides mechanistic evidence linking inhaled plastic fibers to lung damage, relevant to occupational and ambient air exposure scenarios.
Toxicity of microplastic fibers containing azobenzene disperse dyes to human lung epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface
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This study tested the effects of inhaled polyester microplastic fibers on human lung cells grown in a lab, comparing dyed versus undyed fibers. Fibers containing azobenzene disperse dyes were significantly more toxic, reducing cell survival and activating genes linked to chemical metabolism. The results show that chemical dyes can leach from microplastic fibers in the lungs, meaning the health risks of inhaling clothing fibers may be worse than the plastic alone.
Occupational Risks of Microplastics in Textile Manufacturing: Health Impacts and Mitigation Strategies
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This review examined occupational exposure to microplastics among workers in the textile manufacturing sector, where synthetic fibers are released during production, drying, and sewing processes. Researchers found that textile workers face elevated risks of inhaling polyester and polypropylene microfibers that can affect respiratory health. The study calls for improved workplace ventilation, protective equipment, and regulatory standards to reduce microplastic exposure in this industry.
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