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Biodegradation of microplastics in environment
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This Croatian thesis reviews biodegradation of microplastics in the environment, examining microbial degradation mechanisms and the organisms involved. The author summarizes research on how microorganisms break down plastic particles and the challenges of achieving complete degradation.
Svjetska proizvodnja plastike trenutno iznosi oko 350 milijuna tona godišnje. Naglim porastom proizvodnje plastičnih materijala, raste i udio plastičnog otpada u okolišu. Proizvodnjom sitnih čestica i trušenjem većih komada, plastika u okoliš dospijeva u obliku mikroplastike. Zbog svojih izuzetno malih dimenzija i rasprostranjenosti plastičnog otpada, mikroplastiku danas možemo naći širom svijeta, u morima i oceanima, u atmosferi i tlu, pa čak i u sedimentu. Mikroplastika ima negativan utjecaj na biljni i životinjski svijet, a zbog mogućnosti bioakumulacije može dospjeti i u ljudski organizam gdje potencijalno može učiniti štetu otpuštajući toksične tvari koje se često adsorbiraju na površinu sitnih čestica. Uklanjanje mikroplastike iz okoliša iznimno je težak zadatak, jer se zbog svoje veličine često ne zadržava na raznim filtrima za pročišćavanje, pa je iz tog razloga biorazgradnja jedan od potencijalnih rješenja problema današnjice. Biorazgradnja je prirodan proces u kojem neku organsku tvar mikroorganizmi (bakterije, plijesni, kvasci i njihovi enzimi) koriste kao izvor hrane i pritom ih prevode u jednostavnije spojeve, vodu, CO2 i mineralne soli. Proces razgradnje mikroorganizmima postiže se različitim enzimatskim aktivnostima i cijepanjem veza u makromolekulama. Dosad je istražena nekolicina vrsta mikroorganizama koji imaju sposobnost biološke razgradnje sintetskih polimernih spojeva. Osim svojstava polimernih spojeva od koje je mikroplastika sačinjena, biorazgradnja uvelike ovisi i o vrsti mikroorganizama koji je razgrađuju te optimalnim uvjetima u kojima se ona provodi. Iz tog razloga biorazgradnja mikroplastike u tlu i odlagalištima otpada donekle je moguća, no problem se javlja kod biorazgradnje u morima i oceanima te sustavima pitke vode. U ovom radu dati će se literaturni pregled postojanja mikroplastike u različitim sastavnicama okoliša kao i mogućnosti njene biorazgradnje u okolišu.
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This Croatian thesis reviews biodegradation of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems, examining the organisms and environmental conditions that influence plastic breakdown rates. The author covers the slow and incomplete nature of microplastic biodegradation in water environments.
Microbial Degradation of Plastics
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This review examines microbial degradation of plastics in the environment, discussing how environmental breakdown of plastics generates microplastic particles that accumulate in plants and animals and cause metabolic disruptions, while exploring the potential of microorganisms to break down plastic polymers.
Biodegradation of macro- and micro-plastics in environment: A review on mechanism, toxicity, and future perspectives.
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This review examined mechanisms, toxicology, and future perspectives for biodegradation of macro- and micro-plastics, cataloguing microbial species capable of polymer degradation, discussing enzymatic pathways, and identifying key limitations including slow degradation rates and the need for pretreatment to accelerate breakdown in environmental settings.
Degradation of microplastics in environment
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This Croatian-language article reviews the processes by which microplastics degrade in the environment, including photodegradation, mechanical fragmentation, and biodegradation, and the challenges of removing them. It provides an overview of current knowledge on the fate of microplastics and prospects for remediation.
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This review surveys microorganisms—bacteria, fungi, and other taxa—capable of degrading microplastics, examining the enzymes, metabolic pathways, and environmental conditions involved, and assessing the practical potential of harnessing these organisms for bioremediation of plastic pollution.
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