Microplastics and organic pollutants in marketed seafood products: a risk assessment in the Central Visayas, Philippines

This study quantified microplastics (MPs) and organic pollutants in processed seafood products sold in Central Visayas, Philippines, including dried fish (Siganus fuscescens, Sardinella pacifica, Decapterus sp.), fermented fish paste, bottled mussels, and sea urchin roe. A total of 781 microplastic particles were isolated. S. fuscescens had the highest MP density (up to 4.1 ± 0.7 particles/fish) and estimated annual intake (EAI) of 696.42 particles. Fish paste also showed high contamination, with MPCF values indicating “very high” risk in Bohol and Negros Oriental. Regenerated cellulose, alginate, PVC, and polyester were the dominant polymers detected using FTIR analysis. Organic pollutant analysis revealed Ethion as the most concerning pesticide, with a maximum concentration of 13.65 ppm in dried S. fuscescens. Other detected compounds included BHT (up to 6.05 ppm), phthalates (e.g., diethyl phthalate), PAHs, and trace PCBs. Contaminant levels were generally lowest in samples from Siquijor Island, a less-populated province. Risk assessment suggests that while most contaminants were within safe limits, the pesticide Ethion, due to its known harmful effects, presents a potential health concern. The findings emphasize the need for improved regulatory screening of microplastics and chemical residues in seafood, particularly from regions with intensive processing or agricultural runoff.