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AOP degradation of microplastics in water: determination of optimal conditions
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This Croatian thesis investigated advanced oxidation processes for degrading both microplastics and pharmaceutical contaminants in water. Researchers identified optimal AOP conditions for simultaneously removing plastic particles and drug compounds that adsorb onto microplastic surfaces.
U skupinu novih onečišćivala ubrajaju se plastika i farmaceutici koji se djelovanjem čovjeka bioakumuliraju u okolišu zadnjih sedamdeset godina. Pripadaju skupinama sintetskih stabilnih organskih spojeva otpornih na biološku i fotolitičku razgradnju. Plastika se u okolišu degradira na sitnije čestice mikroplastike na koje se adsorbiraju farmaceutici. U zajedničkoj interakciji kruže geosferom i biosferom Zemlje te predstavljaju globalan ekološko zdravstveni problem. Konvencionalne metode za obradu otpadnih voda ne omogućuju uspješno uklanjanje takvih onečišćivala prije ispuštanja u prirodne prijamnike. U svrhu poboljšanja učinkovitosti njihovog uklanjanja iz otpadnih voda potrebno je istražiti njihove međusobne interakcije te razviti nove metode kojima bi se unaprijedile i nadopunile postojeće. Jedna od njih su i napredni oksidacijski procesi (engl. advanced oxidation process, AOP). Svrha ovoga rada je preliminarno istražiti međusobni utjecaj čestica mikroplastike polietilena (PE) i polivinil klorida (PVC) sa farmaceutikom donepezil hidrokloridom (DNP) te njegovu razgradnju. Donepezil hidroklorid podvrgnut je procesima prisilne razgradnje i naprednih oksidacijskih procesa vodikovim peroksidom (UV/H2O2) i persulfatom (UV/Na2S2O8) u prisustvu čestica mikroplastike PE i PVC. Na temelju dobivenih podataka utvrđeno je da razgradnja DNP pripada kinetici prvog reda te je DNP vrlo stabilan spoj koji se teško razgrađuje. Utjecaj procesnih parametara pH vrijednosti, koncentracije oksidansa i koncentracije mikroplastike uspješno je procijenjen korištenjem Box-Behnkenov faktorskog dizajna eksperimenta te je razvijen RSM model. Na temelju koeficijenta determinacije (R2) te analize varijance (ANOVA) procijenjena je točnost modela. U svrhu procjene utjecaja eksperimentalno dobivenih procesnih parametara (pH vrijednosti, koncentracije oksidansa i koncentracije mikroplastike) na brzinu razgradnje farmaceutika DNP razvijeni su RSM modeli te su određeni optimalni uvjeti procesa. Svi dizajnirani modeli su značajni i pokazali su dobru točnost. Na razgradnju DNP procesima UV/H2O2-PE utječu svi procesni parametri. Optimalni uvjeti razgradnje određeni su za proces UV/Na2S2O8-PVC pri c(Na2S2O8) = 10 mM, pH = 4, c(PVC) = 10 mM pri čemu je konverzija 11,11%. Farmaceutik DNP stabilan je u širokom pH području i ima slab afinitet prema česticama mikroplastike PE i PVC.
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