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Abundance and morphology of microplastics in an agricultural soil following long-term repeated application of pig manure
Environmental Pollution2020
200 citations
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Score: 45
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Qian Zhou,
Qian Zhou,
Chen Tu,
Qian Zhou,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Ruijie Li,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Ruijie Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Qian Zhou,
Jie Yang,
Qian Zhou,
Ruijie Li,
Qian Zhou,
Jie Yang,
Qian Zhou,
Jie Yang,
Jie Yang,
Chen Tu,
Qian Zhou,
Lianzhen Li,
Yongming Luo
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Yongming Luo
Chen Tu,
Yongming Luo
Chen Tu,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Chen Tu,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Ruijie Li,
Chen Tu,
Lianzhen Li,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Yongming Luo
Qian Zhou,
Qian Zhou,
Yongming Luo
Qian Zhou,
Yuan Li,
Jie Yang,
Chen Tu,
Ruijie Li,
Ruijie Li,
Qian Zhou,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Yongming Luo
Lianzhen Li,
Jie Yang,
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Qian Zhou,
Jie Yang,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Yongming Luo
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Peter Christie,
Qian Zhou,
Ruijie Li,
Qian Zhou,
Ruijie Li,
Qian Zhou,
Qian Zhou,
Yongming Luo
Jie Yang,
Yuan Li,
Yuan Li,
Yuan Li,
Peter Christie,
Lianzhen Li,
Yongming Luo
Jie Yang,
Chen Tu,
Qian Zhou,
Jie Yang,
Ruijie Li,
Ruijie Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Ruijie Li,
Qian Zhou,
Ruijie Li,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Lianzhen Li,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Jie Yang,
Jie Yang,
Jie Yang,
Jie Yang,
Jie Yang,
Jie Yang,
Jie Yang,
Yuan Li,
Yuan Li,
Yuan Li,
Peter Christie,
Peter Christie,
Peter Christie,
Peter Christie,
Peter Christie,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Yongming Luo
Qian Zhou,
Kuanxu Xiong,
Ruijie Li,
Yongming Luo
Chen Tu,
Yuan Li,
Yuan Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Yongming Luo
Qian Zhou,
Chen Tu,
Kuanxu Xiong,
Chen Tu,
Ruijie Li,
Yongming Luo
Qian Zhou,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Yuan Li,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Xinyue Zhao,
Xinyue Zhao,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Jie Yang,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Jie Yang,
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Lianzhen Li,
Lianzhen Li,
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Chen Tu,
Yongming Luo
Peter Christie,
Kuanxu Xiong,
Kuanxu Xiong,
Kuanxu Xiong,
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Chen Tu,
Kuanxu Xiong,
Yongming Luo
Lianzhen Li,
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Qian Zhou,
Qian Zhou,
Chen Tu,
Peter Christie,
Peter Christie,
Peter Christie,
Chen Tu,
Peter Christie,
Peter Christie,
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Yongming Luo
Lianzhen Li,
Yongming Luo
Jie Yang,
Yongming Luo
Chen Tu,
Chen Tu,
Yongming Luo
Lianzhen Li,
Yongming Luo
Summary
Microplastic abundance and morphology were characterized in pig manure and agricultural soil after 22 years of repeated manure application, finding 43.8 particles per kg in amended plots versus 16.4 in control plots. The study estimated an average annual accumulation rate of 3.5 million particles per hectare, with polymer types in soil closely matching those in the applied manure.
Microplastics occur widely in the terrestrial environment and they currently occur in organic fertilizers applied to agricultural land. However, there is little information available on the accumulation of microplastics in soils fertilized over the long term. Here, we investigate the characteristics of microplastics in both pig manure and soil following long-term manure application in an attempt to assess their accumulation and the potential risk to agricultural soils of repeated application of pig manure. Microplastics were separated from soil and pig manure samples using a sequential flow separation and flotation method. The abundances of microplastics were 16.4 ± 2.7 and 43.8 ± 16.2 particles kg in control plots (CK, no manure applied) and plots amended annually with pig manure for 22 years (PM), respectively. The microplastics (especially fragments) were significantly enriched in PM-amended soil compared with the control plots. The average annual abundance of microplastics was 1250 ± 640 particles kg in manure. Interestingly, the type and polymer composition of microplastics were very similar in the soil and manure. Differences in color and particle size indicate that microplastics sourced from pig manure may be gradually weathered and degraded after incorporation into the soil. The average accumulation rate of microplastics in the agricultural soil with long-term application of pig manure was estimated to be 3.50 ± 1.71 million particles ha a. The microplastics in the manured soil displayed complicated weathered surfaces. The presence of carbonyl groups suggests that the weathered microplastics in soil may have the potential to adsorb contaminants.