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Recent Purification Technologies and Human Health Risk Assessment of Microplastics
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This review summarised emerging purification and removal technologies for microplastics — including membrane filtration, biological degradation, electrocoagulation, and nanoparticle-based approaches — alongside current analytical identification methods and in vitro/in vivo toxicity assessment frameworks. The authors highlighted the risk pathway by which microplastics can penetrate capillaries from the bloodstream and potentially disrupt the endocrine system.
Microplastic (MP)-based contaminants in the environment are pervasive, but standard technologies used for MP identification have not yet been reported. Human beings take up MPs from the environmental ecosystem through the food chain without any particular purification. MPs can penetrate into capillaries from the bloodstream, resulting in endocrine system disorders or toxicity. In this review, we introduced several technologies, such as filtration using membranes, biological degradation, electrocoagulation, and removal using nanoparticles, used for the purification of MPs or related contaminants. Current studies of identification methods of MPs and evaluation tests of MPs exposure-based harmfulness in vitro and in vivo were summarized.
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