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Haematological and Serum Biomarker Responses in Heteropneustes fossilis Exposed to Bisphenol A
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This study examined the toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical found in plastics, on the blood and biochemistry of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis over 21 days. Sub-lethal BPA exposure caused anemia, immune disruption, and liver damage, highlighting that plastic-derived chemicals can significantly harm fish physiology at concentrations found in polluted water.
The present investigation was carried out for 21 days to explore the sub-lethal toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) of concentration 0.714, 1.428 and 2.142 mg/L (1/10, 1/20 and 1/30 % of 96 h LC 50 ) on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Heteropneustes fossilis. Routine haematological parameters like total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin content (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte indices, total serum protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, globulin, uric acid, and creatinine were examined as toxicological endpoints. The findings of this study revealed that BPA had a negative effect on both the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Heteropneustes fossilis. The study revealed a significant decrease in red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit percentage (anaemia) while white blood cell count showed a significant increase in all treatment groups (p < 0.0001). The erythrocyte indices like MCV and MCH in the exposed groups reduced in a dose-dependent manner but BPA treatment increased MCHC values (p > 0.05). The results of serum biochemistry in BPA exposed fish showed enhanced serum AST, ALT, urea, uric acid and creatinine but decreased serum total protein and albumin. This might be due to the possible disruption of haemopoietic tissue or impairment of liver and kidney function. Based on the results, we conclude that BPA is toxic to Heteropneustes fossilis and its occurrence in the environment may threaten the health of aquatic species. Accordingly, it suggests that haematological and serum biochemical parameters could be effectively used as reflective bioindicators in ecotoxicological studies.
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