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Marine Litter in the Russian Gulf of Finland and South-East Baltic: Application of Different Methods of Beach Sand Sampling
Summary
Surveys of Baltic Sea beaches and sediments across Russian coastal zones from 2016 to 2020 documented widespread marine litter including microplastics, with methodology comparisons revealing how sampling technique affects detection rates. Standardizing beach sampling protocols is essential for generating comparable data that can track pollution trends and inform cleanup priorities across international coastlines.
The chapter combines an overview of several studies of marine litter distribution on beaches and in sediments for two Russian parts of the Baltic Sea: the Gulf of Finland and the South-East Baltic for a period of 2016–2020. Various methods for sand sampling on...