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Microplastics, chlorpyrifos and their mixtures modulate immune processes in the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber

The Science of The Total Environment 2021 68 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 55 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Salla Selonen, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Valentina Perc, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Valentina Perc, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Valentina Perc, Andraž Dolar, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Salla Selonen, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Salla Selonen, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Salla Selonen, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Salla Selonen, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Andraž Dolar, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Andraž Dolar, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Salla Selonen, Andraž Dolar, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Salla Selonen, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Anita Jemec Kokalj, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Salla Selonen, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Salla Selonen, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Salla Selonen, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Salla Selonen, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Valentina Perc, Damjana Drobne, Valentina Perc, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Salla Selonen, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Salla Selonen, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Andraž Dolar, Salla Selonen, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Anita Jemec Kokalj, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Valentina Perc, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Salla Selonen, Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Salla Selonen, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Salla Selonen, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Damjana Drobne, Damjana Drobne, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel

Summary

Researchers investigated how polyester fiber and crumb rubber microplastics affect the immune system of the crustacean Porcellio scaber, alone and in combination with the pesticide chlorpyrifos. The study found that while microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations caused only slight immune changes, mixtures of microplastics and chlorpyrifos produced different effects than either pollutant alone, suggesting microplastics may alter the bioavailability of co-occurring pesticides.

Body Systems

Immune Nervous

Microplastics and agrochemicals are common pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. Their interaction during coexistence in soils may influence their fate and adverse effects on terrestrial organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate how the exposure to two types of microplastics; polyester fibres, and crumb rubber; induce changes in immune parameters of Porcellio scaber and if the co-exposure of microplastics affects the response induced by the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos. A number of immune parameters, such as total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, and phenoloxidase-like activity were assessed. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the haemolymph was evaluated as a measure of the bioavailability of chlorpyrifos. After three weeks of exposure, the most noticeable changes in the measured immune parameters and also a significantly reduced AChE activity were seen in chlorpyrifos-exposed animals. Both types of microplastic at environmentally relevant concentrations caused only slight changes in immune parameters which were not dependent on the type of microplastic, although the two types differed significantly in terms of the chemical complexity of the additives. Mixtures of chlorpyrifos and microplastics induced changes that differed from individual exposures. For example, alterations in some measured parameters suggested a reduced bioavailability of chlorpyrifos (AChE activity, haemocyte viability) caused by both types of microplastics exposure, but the increase of haemocyte count was promoted by the presence of fibres implying their joint action. In conclusion, this study suggests that immune processes in P. scaber are slightly changed upon exposure to both types of microplastics and microplastics can significantly modulate the effects of other co-exposed chemicals. Further research is needed on the short-term and long-term joint effects of microplastics and agrochemicals on the immunity of soil invertebrates.

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