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Non-Invasive Measurement, Mathematical Simulation and In Situ Detection of Biofilm Evolution in Porous Media: A Review
Summary
Researchers used non-invasive techniques and mathematical models to study how bacterial biofilms form and clog porous materials in subsurface environments. Biofilm formation on microplastics — the so-called Plastisphere — is a key mechanism by which these particles interact with microbial communities in soil and water.
The development of biofilms and the related changes in porous media in the subsurface cannot be directly observed and evaluated. The primary reason that the mechanism of biofilm clogging in porous media cannot be clearly demonstrated is due to the opacity and structural complexity of three-dimensional pore space. Interest in exploring methods to overcome this limitation has been increasing. In the first part of this review, we introduce the underlying characteristics of biofilm in porous media. Then, we summarize two approaches, non-invasive measurement methods and mathematical simulation strategies, for studying fluid–biofilm–porous medium interaction with spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches. Lastly, we provide a perspective on opportunities for in situ monitoring at the field site.
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