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Acute Adverse Effects of Metallic Nanomaterials on Cardiac and Behavioral Changes in Daphnia Magna
Summary
This study tested the acute toxicity of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles on the water flea Daphnia magna, finding that both types slowed heart rate and swimming speed. While focused on metallic nanoparticles rather than microplastics, the study contributes to understanding how nano-scale particles affect aquatic organisms.
Abstract Nanomaterials are widely believed to induce toxic effects on organisms by evoking oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of nanomaterials on cardiac and behavioral changes in Daphnia magna under varying exposure conditions. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) were selected for the acute toxicity tests. The adverse effects of the substances on the neonates including heart rate, swimming speed, and oxidative stress, were measured. The heart rate level decreased as the concentration of NPs and silver ions (Ag + ) increased. The average swimming speed was measured to be approximately 15 mm/min for the control group. The swimming speed generally increased for longer exposure to both NPs, although it reached a plateau at the lowest concentration of AgNPs. A similar but less clear trend was observed for Ag + . For all substances, the overall swimming speed exhibited no correlation or weak negative correlations with the exposure concentration. The oxidative stress levels increased after exposure compared to the control group. We conclude that aquatic nanotoxicity tests should consider multilevel physicochemical, physiological, and behavioral parameters for the official guidelines to quantify more robust adverse outcomes.