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Organic Contaminants and Interactions with Micro- and Nano-Plastics in the Aqueous Environment: Review of Analytical Methods
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This review examined laboratory methods for detecting and measuring trace organic chemicals that bind onto micro- and nanoplastic particles in water. Microplastics can act as sponges for toxic chemicals, and accurate measurement methods are needed to assess the true exposure risk they pose.
Micro- and nanoplastic particles are increasingly seen not only as contaminants themselves, but also as potential vectors for trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) that might sorb onto these particles. An analysis of the sorbed TOrCs can either be performed directly from the particle or TOrCs can be extracted from the particle with a solvent. Another possibility is to analyze the remaining concentration in the aqueous phase by a differential approach. In this review, the focus is on analytical methods that are suitable for identifying and quantifying sorbed TOrCs on micro- and nano-plastics. Specific gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) methods are considered. The respective advantages of each method are explained in detail. In addition, influencing factors for sorption in the first place are being discussed including particle size and shape (especially micro and nanoparticles) and the type of polymer, as well as methods for determining sorption kinetics. Since the particles are not present in the environment in a virgin state, the influence of aging on sorption is also considered.
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Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment: Contamination, Determination and Interaction with Other Contaminants
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This review gathers information on microplastic and nanoplastic contamination in aquatic environments, examining their detection methods, environmental persistence, and interactions with other contaminants including their capacity to adsorb and release chemical compounds.
In-situ quantitative monitoring the organic contaminants uptake onto suspended microplastics in aquatic environments
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Researchers developed an in-situ quantitative method for monitoring how organic contaminants adsorb onto suspended microplastics in aquatic environments, addressing the challenge of measuring weak and reversible interactions that form organic coronas on plastic particles.
Interactions Between Microplastics and Organic Pollutants in Aquatic Systems: Impacts on Environmental Fate, Transport, and Risk Assessment
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Researchers reviewed how microplastics interact with organic pollutants in aquatic environments, finding that sorption is highly context-dependent and influenced by polymer type, pollutant chemistry, and weathering, while detection of MPs in human tissues raises ongoing concerns about inflammation, immune disruption, and endocrine effects that current analytical methods cannot fully resolve.
Research progress on environmental occurrence of microplastics and their interaction mechanism with organic pollutants
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This review summarizes how microplastics in the environment interact with organic pollutants—adsorbing, carrying, and releasing them. Microplastics act as mobile carriers for persistent organic chemicals, altering their distribution and toxicity in ecosystems and the organisms, including humans, that consume them.
Adsorption behaviour and interaction of organic micropollutants with nano and microplastics – A review
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This review analyzed the adsorption behavior of organic micropollutants — including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals — onto nano- and microplastics, finding that adsorption is governed by pollutant hydrophobicity, particle surface area, and aging state, and that microplastics can act as vectors delivering co-contaminants to aquatic organisms.
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