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Toxicological Mechanism of the Size–Form Synergy of Nano-Copper Oxide in Danio rerio
Summary
This study compared the toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) of different sizes and morphologies in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Smaller CuO-NPs caused greater oxidative stress and developmental toxicity, demonstrating that particle size and form are key determinants of nanotoxicity in aquatic organisms.
CuO-NPs demonstrate significant potential across biomedical, environmental protection, and electronic technology domains. This widespread utilization inevitably leads to their discharge into aquatic ecosystems. Research on the biotoxicity of CuO-NPs constitutes a current scientific priority; however, toxicological impacts related to particle size and morphology remain inadequately documented. The zebrafish (Danio rerio Roloff, 1956) is employed as a model animal organism to assess acute and subchronic toxicity of differentially sized/shaped CuO-NPs. Organ-specific damage manifested in the gills, liver, and muscles. It was found that sheet-shaped CuO-NPs (SC) could induce the most severe histomorphological alterations. Among spherical CuO-NPs (SP), smaller particles exhibited higher toxicity (SC > 40 nm SP-S > 150-250 nm SP-L). Tissue antioxidant capacity followed the same decreasing trend. The three CuO-NPs in the present study reduced microbial alpha-diversity. Altered relative abundance of dominant taxa is observed at the phylum and genus levels. These results expand toxicological datasets for nanomaterial-vertebrate interactions and support environmental risk assessment for nano-pollutants in natural conditions.
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