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Potential risk of BPA and phthalates in commercial water bottles: a minireview
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This review assessed the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates migrating from commercial water bottles into drinking water. Researchers found that while concentrations of these chemicals were generally below levels considered an immediate health risk, some compounds like DBP were detected frequently enough to contribute meaningfully to daily intake. The study indicates that bottled water may induce low-level estrogenic effects, warranting continued monitoring of chemical migration from plastic packaging.
The global water bottling market grows annually. Today, to ensure consumer safety, it is important to verify the possible migration of compounds from bottles into the water contained in them. Potential health risks due to the prevalence of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates (PAEs) exposure through water bottle consumption have become an important issue. BPA, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) can cause adverse effects on human health. Papers of literature published in English, with BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP detections during 2017, by 2019 by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography analysis methods were searched. The highest concentrations of BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in all the bottled waters studied were found to be 5.7, 12.11, 82.8 and 64.0 μg/L, respectively. DBP was the most compound detected and the main contributor by bottled water consumption with 23.7% of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI). Based on the risk assessment, BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in commercial water bottles do not pose a serious concern for humans. The average estrogen equivalent level revealed that BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in bottled waters may induce adverse estrogenic effects on human health.
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Effects of temperature and storage time on bisphenol A migration from polycarbonate bottles into water: Analysis using UV-visible spectrophotometric method.
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Researchers measured bisphenol A (BPA) migration from polycarbonate water bottles into water under varying temperature and storage time conditions using UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis, given BPA's known estrogenic endocrine-disrupting activity and its detection in human tissues including serum, urine, and placenta. The study sought to quantify how these common exposure variables affect BPA leaching into drinking water.
Effects of temperature and storage time on bisphenol A migration from polycarbonate bottles into water: Analysis using UV-visible spectrophotometric method.
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Researchers measured bisphenol A (BPA) migration from polycarbonate water bottles under varied temperature and storage time conditions using UV-visible spectrophotometry, investigating how these factors drive leaching of this endocrine-disrupting compound into drinking water. The study aimed to clarify exposure dynamics given that BPA has been detected in human serum, urine, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord blood.
Alkylphenols and bisphenol A in the aquatic environment and their leaching from plastic products – a review
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This review pulls together existing research showing that everyday plastic products, like water bottles, can leach hormone-disrupting chemicals (BPA and related compounds) into water, especially when exposed to heat, sunlight, or wear and tear. Even though some water treatment methods can remove these chemicals, they're still showing up in rivers, lakes, and oceans at levels that can harm the hormone systems of aquatic life. Since these same chemicals can end up in the water and food we consume, this research is a reminder to be mindful of how we store food and drinks in plastic, particularly under heat or sunlight.
The concentration of phthalates in drinking water in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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This systematic review and meta-analysis of eight Iranian studies found phthalate plasticizers — particularly DEHP — consistently present in drinking water, with concentrations influenced primarily by storage temperature, sunlight exposure, and container type, highlighting ongoing chemical migration risks from plastic bottles and pipes.
Human Health Effects of Microplastics in Drinking Water: A Review
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This review summarizes evidence on the potential health effects of microplastics found in drinking water, including tap and bottled sources. Possible concerns include physical irritation and chemical toxicity from plastic additives, though direct health impacts in humans remain uncertain.
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