Evaluating the Environmental and Health Impacts of Disposable Plastics: Toward Sustainable Material Alternatives

This paper investigates the widespread use of disposable plastics and their detrimental effects on ecosystems and human health while exploring sustainable alternatives to mitigate these challenges. Drawing upon secondary literature from environmental science, health studies, and sustainability research, the paper examines how plastic waste contributes to ocean pollution, wildlife endangerment, and microplastic contamination in food and water sources. It reviews global policy measures aimed at reducing single-use plastics, such as bans and producer responsibility initiatives. Furthermore, the study evaluates emerging alternatives, including biodegradable polymers, natural fiber-based materials, and reusable containers, assessing their environmental viability and adoption potential. By synthesizing findings from multidisciplinary sources, the paper emphasizes the urgent need for collective behavioral change, corporate responsibility, and regulatory action to transition toward sustainable consumption and waste management practices.