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Disposable over Reusable Face Masks: Public Safety or Environmental Disaster?

Environments 2021 64 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 55 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Ana L. Patrício Silva Armando C. Duarte, Ana L. Patrício Silva Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Joana C. Prata, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Ana L. Patrício Silva Joana C. Prata, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Ana L. Patrício Silva Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Armando C. Duarte, Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Joana C. Prata, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Joana C. Prata, Joana C. Prata, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Ana L. Patrício Silva Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Armando C. Duarte, Ana L. Patrício Silva Teresa Rocha‐Santos, Ana L. Patrício Silva

Summary

This review compares the public health benefits and environmental impacts of disposable versus reusable face masks in the context of COVID-19. While disposable masks consistently provide higher protection, they contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, landfill waste, and microplastic pollution. The study discusses the need for approaches that balance pandemic safety with environmental sustainability.

Many governments have imposed the public use of face masks and they are now moving towards enforcing disposable masks to abate COVID-19 transmission. While disposable masks consistently provide higher protection, they also carry multiple environmental burdens, from greenhouse gases released during production to the landfilling and littering. Conversely, reusable masks’ protection can vary from >90% certified industrial masks, similar to disposable masks, to dubious homemade or artisanal masks. This work discusses the protection provided by different masks, their impact on the environment, and new proposals combining concerns about public health and sustainability.

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