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Influence of microplastics particle size on the toxicity of the microalgae Scenedesmus sp.
Summary
This study tested how particle size affects the toxicity of microplastics to freshwater microalgae (Scenedesmus sp.), finding that smaller particles were more toxic. The size-dependent toxicity of microplastics is important for risk assessment, as environmental samples contain particles of widely varying sizes.
Onečišćenje plastikom, koje je zadnjih nekoliko godina u sve većem porastu, privlači sve veću pozornost znanstvenika i šire javnosti. Kao jeftini, lagani, čvrsti, izdržljivi i otporni materijal, plastika ima široku primjenu u svim djelatnostima i unatoč njenoj mogućnosti recikliranja, antropogenim učinkom završava u okolišu kao otpad. Utjecajem vremenskih uvjeta, dolazi do njene razgradnje i fragmentacije, na manje komadiće, na čestice plastike veličine manje od 5 mm koju nazivamo mikroplastikom i predstavlja opasnost što za biljni i životinjski, tako i za ljudski svijet. Postupci proizvodnje plastike uključuju korištenje širokog spektar kemikalija (npr. inicijatori, katalizatori, usporivači gorenja, stabilizatori, plastifikatori, punila i bojila). Zbog korištenja velikog udjela aditiva, postoji potencijalna migracija upravo tih štetnih aditiva putem danas sveprisutne mikroplastike u okoliš te pritom dolazi do nastanka neželjenih učinka na čovjeka i druge organizme koji su joj izloženi. Mikroalga Scenedesmus sp. korištena je za praćenje toksičnosti mikroplastike poli(etilen-tereftalata) (PET). Ispitivan je utjecaj tri veličina čestica: 100 – 300 μm, 300 – 500 μm i 500 – 700 μm pri pet različitih koncentracija mikroplastike PET: 50 mg/L, 250 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 750 mg/L i 1000 mg/L tijekom 72 sata. Prema rezultatima, vidljivo je da različite koncentracije i veličine čestica PET-a imaju različit utjecaj na mikroalgu, no broj stanica mikroalge u uzorcima i kontroli se nisu previše razlikovali odnosno nisu zabilježena veća smanjenja broja stanica mikroalge u odnosu na početni broj.
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