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Microplastics as carbon-nutrient sources and shaper for microbial communities in stagnant water
Summary
Six types of microplastics were tested as carbon and nutrient sources for microbial communities in stagnant water over eight weeks, finding that certain polymers including polyurethane elevated assimilable organic carbon and selectively enriched plastic-degrading bacterial genera, demonstrating that microplastics can actively shape microbial community structure by serving as a substrate.
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants as vectors for microbial colonization, but their role as nutrients sources for microbial communities has rarely been reported. This study explored the impact of six types of MPs on assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and microbial communities over eight weeks. The following were the primary conclusions: (1) MPs contributed to AOC increment and subsequently increased bacterial regrowth potential. The maximum AOC reached 722.03 μg/L. The increase in AOC formation corresponded to AOC NOX, except in PVC samples where AOC P17 primarily increased. (2) The MPs accelerated bacterial growth and changed the bacterial distribution between the biofilm and water phases. A high MP surface-area-to-volume ratio or low MPs density contributed to bacterial accumulation and biofilm formation around the plastisphere, thereby decreasing the relative microbial proportion in the water phase. (3) High-throughput sequencing and scanning electron microscope revealed that different MPs shaped various microbial communities temporally and spatially. (4) Biofilm formatting and formatted models were established and simulated to explain the kinetic interaction between the AOC and bacteria inhabiting the plastisphere. Finally, the challenges that plastic-deprived AOC represent in terms of anti-bacterial measures and chemical safety are discussed.