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Microplastics: characteristics, pollution, and technologies for their removal from water - a review
Original title: Microplastics: characteristics, pollution, and technologies for their removal from water- a review / Microplásticos: características, poluição e tecnologias para sua remoção da água - uma revisão
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This Portuguese-language review examines the characteristics of microplastics and technologies available for removing them from water, finding that while many methods exist, none are fully efficient for all microplastic types and sizes. The authors conclude that water treatment improvement is urgently needed as microplastics accumulate in aquatic ecosystems globally.
Atualmente, há uma grande quantidade de microplástico (MP) sendo gerado e liberado em ecossistemas aquáticos. Embora diversos tipos de pesquisas tenham sido realizados pela comunidade científica em busca de alternativas para o uso do plástico, muito pouco se sabe sobre as formas de remover esses polímeros da água, o que é muito importante visto que estes já se acumulam nos ambientes. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar os trabalhos realizados que abrangem informações gerais sobre plástico e microplástico. Foi realizado o levantamento do cenário atual mundial e brasileiro a respeito do MP, bem como clássicas e novas tecnologias de remoção dessas microestruturas plásticas da água, como biorreator de membranas, filtros de disco, sistemas flotação com ar dissolvido e ultrafiltração, clarificação, filtração de areia, processos que incluem eletrocoagulação, processos químicos envolvendo reagente de Fenton, íons metálicos como ferro e alumínio, exposição a raios UV, cloreto de polialumínio, e cloreto férrico. Descrevemos aqui também tratamentos biológicos onde o MP é removido por organismos, como partículas biogênicas marinhas, retenção de MP utilizando organosilanos e outros estudos que utilizam propriedades bacterianas e fúngicas. Além disso, pudemos notar que somente a partir de 2015 os pesquisadores começam a publicar sobre os microplásticos na literatura e ainda há muito a se conhecer. É evidente a necessidade de novos estudos sobre o assunto.
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