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Occurrence of microplastics in the digestive tract of fishes from Reserva Natural de Usos Múltiples Monterrico, Guatemala
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Microplastics were found in the digestive tracts of 16 fish species from a protected natural reserve in Guatemala, marking the first such report from this country. The presence of microplastics in fish from a conservation area highlights how pervasive plastic contamination is even in protected environments.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la ingesta de microplásticos (MPS) en peces de la Reserva Natural de Usos Múltiples Monterrico (RNUMM), y su relación con el hábito alimenticio y hábitat. Aunque los MPS son contaminantes emergentes reportados en varias especies acuáticas, a la fecha este es el primer registro que aborda la presencia de MPS en peces de áreas protegidas de Guatemala. El tracto digestivo de 624 individuos de 16 especies de peces se analizaron usando digestión con hidróxido de potasio al 20% e identificación visual de los MPS en el estereomicroscopio. Se encontraron 644 MPS en el 47% de los individuos de 15 especies, con un rango de ingestión promedio entre 1 y 4 MPS. Las formas dominantes fueron las fibras (82%) seguidas por fragmentos (12%) y láminas (6%). Las mayores cantidades de MPS se registraron en las especies omnívoras y de hábitat bentopelágico. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el número de MPS respecto al hábito alimenticio y al hábitat de las especies, y una correlación negativa entre el factor de condición y la cantidad de MPS para Gobionellus microdon. Nuestros resultados proveen la primera evidencia d ingesta de MPS en peces de la RNUMM. Es necesario generar información adicional para conocer la distribución espacio temporal de los MPS en distintos hábitats dentro del áre protegida y los riesgos para las especies de importancia pesquera.
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