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Floating plastics and their associated biota in the Western South Atlantic
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Researchers conducted the first comprehensive survey of floating plastics and their associated organisms in coastal and oceanic waters of southern Brazil. They found an average concentration of about 4,461 plastic items per square kilometer, predominantly microplastics, colonized by diverse communities of bacteria and other organisms including potential pathogens and plastic-degrading microbes.
The lack of information about plastic pollution in many marine regions hinders firm actions to manage human activities and mitigate their impacts. This study conducted for the first time a quali-quantitative evaluation of floating plastics and their associated biota from coastal and oceanic waters in South Brazil. Plastics were collected using a manta net, and were categorized according to their shape, size, malleability and polymer composition. Multi-marker DNA metabarcoding (16S, and 18S V4 and V9 rRNA regions) was performed to identify prokaryotes and eukaryotes associated to plastics. We found 371 likely plastic particles of several sizes, shapes and polymers, and the average concentration of plastics at the region was 4461 items.km (SD ± 3914). Microplastics (0.5 - 5 mm) were dominant in most sampling stations, with fragments and lines representing the most common shapes. Diverse groups of prokaryotes (20 bacteria phyla) and eukaryotes (41 groups) were associated with plastics. Both the community composition and richness of epiplastic organisms were highly variable between individual plastics but, in general, were not influenced by plastic categories. Organisms with potential pathogenicity (e.g. Vibrio species. and Alexandrium tamarense), as well as potential plastic degraders (e.g. Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, and Alcanivorax species), were found. The information generated here is pivotal to support strategies to prevent the input and mitigate the impacts of plastics and their associated organisms on marine environments.
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Researchers analyzed the microbes living on plastic debris collected from beaches in Rio de Janeiro, finding that both polypropylene and polyethylene plastics harbored communities containing potential human and marine pathogens as well as bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes. The study confirms that ocean plastics can transport dangerous microorganisms across long distances, posing risks to human health and marine biodiversity.
Microplastic pollution in Brazil's coastal marine surface waters: The first macroregional baseline from the global south
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Researchers conducted the largest microplastic survey in the Global South, sampling 4,134 surface water sites across 7,500 km of Brazilian coastline, finding the highest concentrations in the Eastern Coastline (16.87 MPs/L) and lowest in the Amazonian Equatorial region (1.29 MPs/L), with spatial patterns driven by hydrodynamic conditions, salinity, proximity to sewage, and anthropogenic inputs.
Abundance and composition of small floating plastics in the eastern and southern sectors of the Atlantic Ocean
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Researchers sampled floating plastics in the eastern and southern Atlantic Ocean during two research cruises and found microplastics in 69% of net tows, with secondary microplastics dominant and median densities of 1,583 items per square kilometer.
Plastics in the North Atlantic garbage patch: A boat-microbe for hitchhikers and plastic degraders
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Researchers examined the microbial communities living on plastic debris in the North Atlantic garbage patch, finding that plastics host unique communities of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes distinct from surrounding seawater. The study highlights that floating plastics act as "microbial islands" that could facilitate the long-distance transport of potentially invasive or pathogenic organisms.
Microplastics in surface waters of tropical estuaries around a densely populated Brazilian bay
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Researchers found extremely high microplastic concentrations (up to 33,000 items per cubic meter) in ten estuaries around Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil, largely driven by deficient domestic wastewater treatment serving over 3 million residents.
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When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.