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Biosafety assessment of Acinetobacter strains isolated from the Three Gorges Reservoir region in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

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Guosheng Xiao, Mingfeng Tang, Mingfeng Tang, Mingfeng Tang, Ying He, Yunjia Deng, Ying He, Yunjia Deng, Guosheng Xiao, Dayong Wang Yunjia Deng, Yunjia Deng, Huihui Du, Huihui Du, Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Ying He, Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Mingfeng Tang, Guosheng Xiao, Qian Huang, Qian Huang, Dayong Wang Qian Huang, Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Guosheng Xiao, Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Mingfeng Tang, Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Qilong Wang, Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Huihui Du, Dayong Wang Huihui Du, Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Guosheng Xiao, Qian Huang, Huihui Du, Huihui Du, Guosheng Xiao, Dayong Wang Fei Cheng, Dayong Wang Ying He, Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Ying He, Ying He, Dayong Wang Guosheng Xiao, Fei Cheng, Dayong Wang Feng Zhao, Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Dayong Wang Guosheng Xiao, Feng Zhao, Dayong Wang Dayong Wang

Summary

Researchers tested bacteria from China's Three Gorges Reservoir using the roundworm C. elegans as a biological safety model and found that several Acinetobacter strains — including environmental isolates and known pathogens — reduced lifespan and triggered oxidative stress in the worms. The results suggest that some bacteria accumulating in reservoir backwater zones may pose real health risks to organisms and potentially to humans.

Acinetobacter has been frequently detected in backwater areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region. We here employed Caenorhabditis elegans to perform biosafety assessment of Acinetobacter strains isolated from backwater area in the TGR region. Among 21 isolates and 5 reference strains of Acinetobacter, exposure to Acinetobacter strains of AC1, AC15, AC18, AC21, A. baumannii ATCC 19606<sup>T</sup>, A. junii NH88-14, and A. lwoffii DSM 2403<sup>T</sup> resulted in significant decrease in locomotion behavior and reduction in lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. In nematodes, exposure to Acinetobacter strains of AC1, AC15, AC18, AC21, A. baumannii, A. junii and A. lwoffii also resulted in significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, exposure to Acinetobacter isolates of AC1, AC15, AC18, and AC21 led to significant increase in expressions of both SOD-3::GFP and some antimicrobial genes (lys-1, spp-12, lys-7, dod-6, spp-1, dod-22, lys-8, and/or F55G11.4) in nematodes. The Acinetobacter isolates of AC1, AC15, AC18, and AC21 had different morphological, biochemical, phylogenetical, and virulence gene properties. Our results suggested that exposure risk of some Acinetobacter strains isolated from the TGR region exists for environmental organisms and human health. In addition, C. elegans is useful to assess biosafety of Acinetobacter isolates from the environment.

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