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Interactive effects of environmental microplastics and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the earthworm Eisenia andrei

Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021 65 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 55 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Omayma Missawi, Omayma Missawi, Iteb Boughattas, Sabrine Hattab, Sabrine Hattab, Sabrine Hattab, Iteb Boughattas, Iteb Boughattas, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Iteb Boughattas, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Omayma Missawi, Omayma Missawi, Omayma Missawi, Omayma Missawi, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Omayma Missawi, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Sondes Helaoui, Iteb Boughattas, Nesrine Zitouni, Mohamed Bannı Iteb Boughattas, Sabrine Hattab, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Sondes Helaoui, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Mohamed Bannı Sabrine Hattab, Mohamed Bannı Iteb Boughattas, Mohamed Bannı Sondes Helaoui, Omayma Missawi, Omayma Missawi, Omayma Missawi, Omayma Missawi, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Sondes Helaoui, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Iteb Boughattas, Marouane Mkhinini, Mohamed Bannı Marouane Mkhinini, Marouane Mkhinini, Iteb Boughattas, Iteb Boughattas, Omayma Missawi, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Nesrine Zitouni, Sabrine Hattab, Nesrine Zitouni, Iteb Boughattas, Mohamed Bannı Iteb Boughattas, Omayma Missawi, Sabrine Hattab, Nesrine Zitouni, Omayma Missawi, Marouane Mkhinini, Sondes Helaoui, Iteb Boughattas, Sondes Helaoui, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Omayma Missawi, Nesrine Zitouni, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Iteb Boughattas, Mohamed Bannı Iteb Boughattas, Iteb Boughattas, Mohamed Bannı Nesrine Zitouni, Moncef Mokni, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Moncef Mokni, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Omayma Missawi, Mohamed Bannı Sabrine Hattab, Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Omayma Missawi, Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Marouane Mkhinini, Mohamed Bannı Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Moncef Mokni, Mohamed Bannı Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Omayma Missawi, Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Omayma Missawi, Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Noureddine Bousserrhıne, Moncef Mokni, Mohamed Bannı Mohamed Bannı Omayma Missawi, Mohamed Bannı

Summary

Researchers studied the combined effects of environmental microplastics and the herbicide 2,4-D on earthworms over 14 days. They found that microplastics increased the bioaccumulation of the herbicide in earthworm tissues, and co-exposure caused greater genotoxic damage and oxidative stress than either pollutant alone. The findings highlight the potential for microplastics to amplify the ecological risks of pesticides in agricultural soils.

Models
Invertebrate other

Given the wide use of plastic and pesticides in agriculture, microplastics (MP) and the herbicide 2,4 dichloro-phenoxy-acetic acid (2-4-D) can be present simultaneously in soil. Nevertheless, little is known about their combined toxicity. In this study, Eisenia andrei was exposed to environmental MP (100 µg kg soil) and 2,4-D (7 mg kg soil) for 7 and 14 days. Bioaccumulation, genotoxicity, oxidative stress and gene expression level were assessed. Results revealed that MP increased 2,4-D bioaccumulation in earthworms. Simultaneous exposure to both these pollutants caused a significant reduction in lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) and an increase in micronuclei (MNi) frequency. Biochemical analysis revealed oxidative alterations in earthworms exposed to all treatments; being very pronounced in earthworms exposed to the mixture in terms of increase in glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehydes accumulation (MDA). Furthermore, an up-regulation in cat and gst expression level was recorded in worms exposed to single or mixture treatment, except MP in case of gst. Our data highlight the toxicity of the combined exposure to MP and 2,4-D and afford new insights into the potential ecological risks posed by MP in terrestrial ecosystems.

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