Addressing the Challenge of Microfiber Plastics as the Marine Pollution Crisis Using Circular Economy Methods: a Review

The growing trend of using plastics and the accumulation of plastic waste in nature have caused many concerns. The fragmentation of plastic waste causes the formation of microplastics. Microfiber plastics (a subset of microplastics) enter the marine environment, then, after entering the food chain, cause damage to organisms. In this review article, sources of microplastic waste in aquatic environments and the use of biodegradable plastics as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics are investigated. As a result, biodegradable plastics cannot reduce pollution to zero. Hence, there is a need for complementary mechanisms in this field. More sustainable mechanisms are needed to reduce pollution. Therefore, the potential of implementing a circular economy to reduce plastic waste into marine environments has been investigated, and effective measures and ideas have been expressed as a way to achieve environmental goals along with economic and political aspects. On-site recycling, plastic waste reuse, long-term policies, economic justification, equipment and product modification, financial incentives, etc. are all complementary mechanisms proposed. More attention to research and development units is also necessary.