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Separation and characterization of microplastic and nanoplastic particles in marine environment
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This review examined methods for separating and characterizing microplastics and nanoplastics in marine environments, addressing challenges posed by their tiny size, diverse properties, and ability to adsorb pollutants.
Microplastics (<5 mm) are divided into primary and secondary microplastics, which are further degraded into nanoplastics. The microplastic particles are widely distributed in marine environment, terrestrial ecosystem and biological organism, leading to damages to whole environmental system. Microplastics are not only difficult to degrade, but also able to adsorb pollutants. Due to the tiny size and various properties, the separation and characterization of microplastic particles has become more and more challenging. This review introduces the sources and destinations of the microplastic particles and summarizes the general methods for the sorting and characterization of microplastics, especially the manipulation of microplastic particles on microfluidic chip, showing possibility to deal with smaller nanoplastic particles over traditional methods. This review focuses on studies of the size-based separation and property-dependent characterization of microplastics in marine environment by utilizing the microfluidic chip device.
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Nanoplastics in aquatic environments: Origin, separation and characterization: Review
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This review covers the origins, separation methods, and characterization of nanoplastics in aquatic environments. Nanoplastics (1–100 nm) are particularly concerning because their tiny size gives them a large surface area for adsorbing pollutants and allows them to penetrate biological barriers more easily than larger microplastics.
Nano-plastics and their analytical characterisation and fate in the marine environment: From source to sea
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Researchers reviewed the sources, environmental fate, organism interactions, and analytical detection methods for nano-sized plastic polymers in the marine environment, concluding that nanoplastics pose the greatest ecological risk among plastic size fractions and that standardized analytical protocols for nanoplastic characterization are urgently needed.
Separation and Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Complex Environmental Samples
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This review examined separation and analysis methods for microplastics and nanoplastics in complex environmental samples, covering density separation, filtration, spectroscopic identification, and emerging approaches for sub-micron particles. The authors identify detection of nanoplastics as a critical unresolved methodological challenge for understanding full plastic contamination in the environment.
Separation, characterization and identification of microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment
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This review evaluates the various analytical techniques used to separate, characterize, and identify microplastics and nanoplastics in environmental samples. Researchers compared the strengths and weaknesses of different methods including spectroscopy, microscopy, and thermal analysis approaches. The study highlights the need for standardized procedures and emerging detection tools to improve our understanding of microplastic contamination and its ecological impacts.
Nanoplastics: From Separations to Analysis—Challenges and Limitations
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This review examines the challenges of analyzing nanoplastics in environmental samples, from sample preparation to identification. Researchers found that techniques commonly used for larger microplastics are often ineffective for nanoplastics, and that isolating these tiny particles from complex environmental samples remains a major technical hurdle. The study summarizes the advantages and limitations of current microscopic, spectroscopic, and thermal analysis methods and calls for standardized approaches.
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