Methodology for extraction of microplastics associated with sediments from freshwater environments

ABSTRACT Inadequate disposal of plastic materials, due to their quantity and characteristics, has caused significant negative impacts on aquatic environments. Studies on microplastics, plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in their largest dimension, have been intensified in recent years. However, studies with this approach in freshwater sediments are still incipient. In this sense, the present research aimed at testing the effectiveness of the extraction of microplastics associated with sediments from freshwater environments. Experimental studies were carried out in laboratory, using methodologies based on density difference (addition of saturated solutions of sucrose and sodium chloride) and dry sediment samples. Overall, the treatment based on addition of saturated solution of sucrose presented a higher extraction efficiency when compared with the other treatments. In the treatment in which the dry sample was analyzed, there was greater difficulty in separating and identifying the plastic fragments due to the similarity of shape and/or color between the fragments and the sediment particles. A methodology of low operational cost, low environmental impact, and easy application was developed, capable of enabling the monitoring of microplastics present in freshwater sediments, and consequently providing subsidies for decision makers for proposing measures to reduce and control the pollution by plastic materials.