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Polyester-based biodegradable microplastics drive shifts in antibiotic resistance genes in Pb and sulfamethazine co-contaminated soil: Exogenous bioavailable carbon enhanced enzyme activity and functional taxa proliferation
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Tiny plastic particles polluting our water, soil, and even the air don't just sit there, this review of existing research shows they can act like rafts that help bacteria pick up antibiotic-resistance genes and spread them more easily, including in our gut environments. That's concerning because it means microplastic pollution could be quietly fueling the growing problem of antibiotic-resistant infections, making it harder to treat illnesses in the future. The researchers reviewed how this happens but say scientists still don't fully understand all the mechanisms behind it, so more research is needed to address the risk.
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This review examined a decade of research on microplastics as carriers of antibiotic resistance genes in terrestrial ecosystems, showing that plastic surfaces enhance gene transmission and soil abundance while exerting toxic effects on microorganisms, plants, and animals. The coupling of microplastic pollution with antibiotic resistance spread represents a compounding public health threat with implications for food safety and the global antimicrobial resistance crisis.
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Researchers found that biodegradable microplastics promoted the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in soil at levels comparable to conventional microplastics, challenging assumptions about their environmental safety.
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This review synthesized how microplastics alter soil microbial functional genes involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling, antibiotic resistance, and enzyme activity, with the plastisphere identified as a hotspot for gene exchange among microbes. Disruption of soil microbial gene networks threatens the foundational biogeochemical processes that maintain soil fertility and ecosystem function, with cascading implications for food security and broader environmental health.
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