First-Flush Effect-Based Direct Rainwater Sampling Protocol for Harmonization of Microplastic Studies on Rainfall

Rainfall Deposition of Atmospheric Microplastics and Urban Freshwater Contamination: Insights from a Seoul Case Study

A Global Comparative Study on Microplastics Sampling, Identification and Quantification Techniques in Freshwater Environment: A Review

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This global review of freshwater microplastic research found the highest recorded concentration at 30,000 items/m3 in Lake Ziway, with fibers and polyethylene as dominant forms, and identified a major need for standardized sampling and measurement protocols. Inconsistent methodology across studies makes it difficult to assess true human exposure from drinking water and freshwater food sources, underscoring the need for harmonized measurement standards.

Current Methodology for Extraction, Separation, Identification, and Quantification of Microplastics in Terrestrial Systems

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Researchers reviewed current laboratory methods for extracting, separating, identifying, and quantifying microplastics in soils and terrestrial systems, noting that the absence of standardized protocols continues to hinder accurate assessment of plastic contamination in land environments.

Microplastics in Urban Stormwater: Sampling and Separation Method

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Researchers developed and tested sampling and separation methods for detecting microplastics in urban stormwater runoff, an important but understudied pathway for plastic contamination of surface waters. The study helps establish standardized protocols for monitoring microplastics in stormwater systems.

Microplastics sampling methods and standardization requirements in atmospheric environment—a critical review

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A critical review of 92 atmospheric microplastic studies (2015–2023) found substantial inconsistency in sampling tools, exposure times, locations, and flow rates that severely limits the comparability of global air pollution data. Standardizing atmospheric sampling protocols is urgently needed to build a credible scientific basis for understanding how much microplastic people inhale daily and to support regulatory action.