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Efecto de la ingesta incidental de polietileno y polipropileno sobre el crecimiento de Oreochromis sp. manejada en condiciones de laboratorio
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Researchers exposed tilapia to polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics at different concentrations under laboratory conditions and found reduced growth performance. The results suggest that microplastic ingestion can impair the growth of this commercially important fish species, with potential implications for aquaculture productivity.
Actualmente la contaminación por microplásticos (MP) en los ecosistemas acuáticos se ha incrementado perjudicando la biota marina, siendo los ensayos ecotoxicológicos una herramienta para evaluar este impacto. El presente estudio estimó el efecto provocado por la ingesta de los MP polietileno (PE) y polipropileno (PP), en el crecimiento de juveniles de Oreochromis sp. Para cada tipo de MP se establecieron tres concentraciones (25%/75%, 50%/50% y 75%/25%) más un tratamiento control (sin MP), con tres réplicas distribuidas al azar constituidas por unidades experimentales de ocho juveniles de Oreochromis sp. (tamaño inicial 2 ± 0.5 cm). Se retiraron aleatoriamente dos individuos por cada tiempo de exposición (7, 14, 21 y 28 días) examinando los tractos digestivos de 154 peces en total. Los resultados no demostraron diferencias significativas en las variables de crecimiento en longitud (p=0.3444) y peso (p=0.0818) de Oreochromis sp. de los tratamientos experimentales, mientras que el índice de condición nutricional (K) tampoco demostró diferencias significativas (p=0.513) entre tratamientos, sin embargo, evidencian una tendencia de mayor condición nutricional en los tratamientos PE que PP. En el contenido de MP se hallaron diferencias significativas (p=0.6078) en el primer muestreo en los tratamientos experimentales, mostrando mayor presencia de PE respecto al PP en el tracto digestivo, probablemente debido a la retención y acumulación, diferencia de forma o tipo de polímero. Aunque la ingesta de MP no causaría efectos inmediatos en el crecimiento de Oreochromis sp. sus efectos podrían estimarse en estudios de mayor duración.
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Researchers studied the effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics mixed into feed on the growth and survival of tilapia fish over a 30-day period. They found that higher concentrations of microplastics in feed led to reduced growth rates and lower survival compared to the control group. The study suggests that microplastic contamination in aquatic environments could negatively affect commercially important fish species through dietary exposure.
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Juvenile Nile tilapia exposed to microplastics showed significantly lower survival rates, reduced body weight, smaller eye diameter, elevated superoxide dismutase activity, and reduced catalase activity compared to controls, indicating physiological stress and impaired antioxidant defense. These dose-response effects on a widely farmed species provide direct evidence that microplastic ingestion compromises fish growth and survival, with implications for aquaculture productivity and the integrity of fish-based food systems.
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