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Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Genotoxicity in Fish (merluccius Merluccius, Linnaeus, 1758) from the Western Algerian Mediterranean Coast
Summary
Researchers found seasonal variability in heavy metal (zinc, lead, cadmium) bioaccumulation and genotoxicity in European hake from the Algerian Mediterranean coast, demonstrating that metal contamination from coastal pollution poses measurable biological harm to commercially important fish.
Heavy metals contamination in the coastal ecosystem is a source of major concern due to their toxic nature, persistence, and accumulative behaviours. The present study reports the seasonal variability of the biological responses of European hake (Merluccius merluccius, L.1758) collected from the Bay of Oran on the Algerian coast. Besides the condition indexes (gonadosomatic index GSI and Fulton's condition factor K) and the analysis of metallic trace elements: zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in tissues, the micronucleus test was performed in erythrocyte and gill cells to assess the genotoxicity status of the fish. The results revealed a significant correlation between the two fish condition indexes, in link with their reproduction cycle. Highlighting the fact that the study site is under intense stress from toxic contaminants, a significant increase (p value < 0.05) in the frequency of micronuclei occurrence, especially, in the summer period is correlated with significantly (p value < 0.05) high levels of Zn, Pb and Cd. Thus, the test of micronucleus and pollution indicators may serve as a valuable tool in biomonitoring studies of the marine environment since they allowed to reveal genotoxic effects of the investigated fish populations and, consequently, the quality of their biotope.
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