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Sustainability Assessment for Wastewater Treatment Systems in Developing Countries
Summary
This review surveys sustainability assessment approaches for wastewater treatment systems in developing countries, evaluating economic, environmental, institutional, and social criteria. Researchers examined how different treatment technologies perform in resource-limited settings where emerging contaminants including microplastics are increasingly present. The study provides a framework for planners to select wastewater treatment systems that balance cost, environmental protection, and social sustainability.
As the assessment of the economic, environmental, institutional, and social sustainability of wastewater treatment systems may have several conceivable goals and intended recipients, there are numerous different approaches. This paper surveys certain aspects of sustainability assessment that may be of interest to the planners of wastewater treatment systems. Here, the key criteria assess the system’s costs and financing, including its affordability for the users, the environmental impact, the benefits for health and hygiene, the cultural acceptance of the system and its recycled products, the technical functioning, and the administrative, political, and legal framework for its construction and operation. A multi-criteria approach may then be used to analyze possible trade-offs and identify the most suitable system for a certain location.
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