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Emerging Pollutants in Moroccan Wastewater: Occurrence, Impact, and Removal Technologies

Journal of Chemistry 2022 46 citations

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This review examines the occurrence and environmental impact of emerging pollutants in Moroccan wastewater, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, and microplastics. Researchers found that these contaminants are widely present in wastewater systems but are not yet adequately regulated or monitored in the region. The study highlights the need for improved wastewater treatment technologies and regulatory frameworks to address these emerging contaminants.

Body Systems
Study Type Environmental

The rapid growth of anthropogenic activities in recent decades has resulted in the appearance of numerous new chemical compounds in the environment, known as “emerging pollutants” (EPs) or “contaminants of emerging concern” (CECs). Although partially or not yet regulated or monitored, there is growing research interest in these EPs among the scientific community because of their bioaccumulation, persistence, and adverse effects. Among these, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals can have harmful impacts on human health and the ecosystem. Conventional wastewater treatment technologies are not effective in removing these contaminants, allowing them to be released into the receiving environment. In order to improve the understanding of emerging pollutants, this review discusses the source, occurrence, and impacts of bisphenol A, atrazine, amoxicillin, and paracetamol as model molecules of emerging environmental pollutants, an issue that remains underrepresented in Morocco. Then, treatment methods for EPs are reviewed, including adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, biodegradation, and hybrid treatment. It is proposed that adsorption and photocatalysis can be used as simple, effective, and environmentally friendly technologies for their removal. Thus, we summarize some of the adsorbent and photocatalyst materials applied in recent work to control these pollutants. Towards the end of this paper, the development of inexpensive and locally available (Morocco) materials to remove these compounds from wastewater is considered.

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