We can't find the internet
Attempting to reconnect
Something went wrong!
Hang in there while we get back on track
Toxicity of bisphenol A and its structural congeners to microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Desmodesmus armatus
Summary
Researchers examined the toxicity of bisphenol A and six structural congeners on two microalgae species, finding varying levels of growth inhibition and highlighting that some BPA alternatives may pose comparable or greater risks to aquatic primary producers.
Abstract Bisphenol A and its structural congeners are increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants with toxic and estrogenic potential that have been widely used in many consumer products. Due to their widespread occurrence in aquatic environment, they could pose risks to the primary producers, such as microalgae. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the toxicity of bisphenol A, its six structural congeners, and their mixture towards the green algae Chlorella vulgaris and Desmodesmus armatus . Bisphenol A (average 14 days, EC 50 : 42.29 mg L −1 ) exhibited less harmful effect than structural congeners, such as bisphenol AF, bisphenol G, bisphenol X for C. vulgaris (average 14 days, EC 50 : 22.39 mg L −1 ) and bisphenol AF, bisphenol G, bisphenol M, bisphenol X for D. armatus (average 14 days, EC 50 : 27.16 mg L −1 ), respectively. Moreover, exposure to combined bisphenol A and its structural congeners leads to synergistic effects. Thus, the increased adverse effect caused by complex chemical mixture poses a greater risk to microalgae. The order of toxic effect (14 days, EC 50 ) of individual and combined structural congeners was: bisphenol G > bisphenol X > mixture > bisphenol AF > bisphenol A > bisphenol Y > bisphenol M > bisphenol P for C. vulgaris and mixture > bisphenol G > bisphenol X > bisphenol M > bisphenol AF > bisphenol A > bisphenol Y > bisphenol P for D. armatus , respectively. This is the first time that the toxicity of structural congeners of bisphenol A and its mixture to microalgae is described. Furthermore, these results were conducted to assess potential ecological risk of these compounds in the aquatic environment.
Sign in to start a discussion.
More Papers Like This
Investigation of toxic effects of BPA and BPA analogues (BPS and BPAF) on Spirulina sp., Desmodesmus subspicatus and Chlorella vulgaris
This study investigated the toxic effects of bisphenol A and its analogues BPS and BPAF on three algal species -- Spirulina, Desmodesmus subspicatus, and Chlorella vulgaris -- finding that BPS and BPAF, used as BPA replacements, also pose ecotoxicological risks in aquatic environments.
Single and multispecies microalgae toxicological tests assessing the impact of several BPA analogues used by industry
Researchers tested five BPA chemical analogues (intended as safer BPA replacements) on three marine microalgae species, finding that several analogues — particularly BPFL and BPAF — were more toxic than BPA itself and that results from single-species tests did not reliably predict community-level outcomes, raising concerns about the safety of current BPA substitutes.
Insights into the Adverse Effects of Bisphenol A on the Environment and Human Health
Researchers investigated the toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA), its replacement bisphenol F (BPF), and their combination on primary producers, finding that both compounds harm eukaryotic green algae and raising concerns about the safety of BPA substitutes.
The influence of microplastics on the toxic effects and biodegradation of bisphenol A in the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Researchers found that polystyrene microplastics inhibited the biodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) by the microalga Chlorella vulgaris, with combined exposure showing greater toxicity than either contaminant alone due to BPA adsorption onto microplastic surfaces.
Can BPA Analogs Affect Cellular and Biochemical Responses in the Microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin?
This study tested three bisphenol A replacement chemicals (BPAF, BPF, and BPS) on a marine diatom at environmentally relevant concentrations, finding that all three disrupted algal growth and triggered oxidative stress. Although no actual cell damage was detected at these doses, the results suggest that BPA substitutes are not chemically inert and may still threaten marine primary producers. This is relevant to microplastics research because these bisphenol chemicals leach from plastics and are released alongside microplastic particles in the environment.