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Effects of nanoplastic on cell apoptosis and ion regulation in the gills of Macrobrachium nipponense
Summary
Researchers exposed juvenile oriental river shrimp to varying concentrations of nanoplastics and examined effects on gill cell viability and ion regulation. They found that higher nanoplastic concentrations increased cell death rates, decreased ion content, reduced ATPase enzyme activity, and disrupted ion transport gene expression in gill tissues. The study suggests that nanoplastic pollution can impair critical ion regulation functions in freshwater crustaceans, with implications for aquaculture.
Nanoplastic, ubiquitous in aquatic environments, are raising concern worldwide. However, studies on nanoplastic exposure and its effects on ion transport in aquatic organisms are limited. In this study, the juvenile oriental river shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense, was exposed to five levels of nanoplastic concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/L) in order to evaluate cell viability, ion content, ion transport, ATPase activity, and related gene expression. The results showed that the apoptosis rate was higher in the high concentration nanoplastic group (40 mg/L) compared to the low concentration nanoplastic group (5 mg/L) and the control group (0 mg/L). The ion content of sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and calcium (Ca) showed a decreasing trend in gill tissue compared to the control group. The NaK-ATPase, V(H)-ATPase, CaMg-ATPase, and total ATPase activities in the gills of M. nipponense showed a general decrease with the increasement of nanoplastic concentration and time of exposure. When increasing nanoplastic concentration, the expression of ion transport-related genes in the gills of M. nipponense showed first rise then descend trend. As elucidated by the results, high nanoplastic concentrations have negative effect on cell viability, ion content, ion transport ATPase activity, and ion transport-related gene expression in the gills of M. nipponense. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the toxic effects of nanoplastic in aquaculture.