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Fatigue Damage of D16 Aluminum Alloy Under Regular and Irregular Loading

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Materials science paper about metal fatigue; "microplastic strains" refers to metal deformation, not plastic particles. Not relevant to microplastic pollution research. - 5839 — Hydrogels can adsorb heavy metals and detect microplastics via electrochemical sensing; useful for water cleanup. - 6012 — Review of microplastic soil contamination and weak regulatory frameworks; soil is a major sink for MPs that reach food and water. - 6013 — Biodegradable PLA and conventional PE microplastics both disrupt soil chemistry and microbes; biodegradable isn't necessarily safe. - 6014 — Carbon quantum dots can detect microplastics and remove contaminants from water via multiple mechanisms. - 6059 — Edible mushroom-based food packaging as an alternative to plastic; reducing plastic packaging cuts microplastic sources. - 6072 — Zebrafish embryos exposed to microplastics + copper showed delayed hatching and reduced heart rate; MPs amplify chemical toxicity. - 6116 — Blue mussels and oysters in Nova Scotia contain ~4 MPs/gram tissue; direct pathway into human diet. - 6197 — Rapid protocol for surveying river sediment plastics found 0.1+ tons in 8 km of French river; standardized methods needed for global monitoring. - 6239 — Pacific oysters showed lower survival and gill damage at higher MP concentrations; risks to aquaculture and seafood consumers. - 6244 — Photocatalyst breaks down PET plastic into hydrogen fuel and chemicals under mild conditions. - 6249 — Higher water levels in constructed wetlands removed up to 70% of microplastics vs. resuspension at low levels. - 6252 — Microplastics found entangled in atmospheric dust depositing on the Taj Mahal, accelerating stone deterioration. - 6298 — Microbial communities colonize floating PE plastic in stepwise succession, altering plastic surface chemistry over 42 days. - 6299 — Record polar tourism is damaging pristine wilderness; poles are baseline references for global microplastic monitoring. - 6327 — Microwave resonator sensor detects PE microplastic concentration in liquid with ~2–3.5% error; affordable monitoring tool. - 6337 — Laccase enzyme + Pseudomonas putida degraded 21% of soil microplastics in 60 days while improving plant growth. - 6349 — NEMS-FTIR technique detects nanoplastics at picogram sensitivity, filling a major gap in nanoplastic analysis. - 6361 — Aged microplastics in wetland soils develop distinct microbial biofilms including methane-producing bacteria over 330 days. - 6384 — Meta-analysis: MPs mineralize at 0.11%/day and accelerate soil carbon decomposition by 34% on average. - 6515 — Microplastics detected in edible tissues of lettuce, radish, and tomato grown in contaminated compost; direct food-chain pathway confirmed. - 6588 — Sea squirts near Brazilian harbors contain MPs; morphology influences retention, with branchial folds trapping more particles. - 6589 — 30-year review shows research focus shifted to MPs and PFAS post-2020; stormwater is a primary delivery route into urban waterways. - 6658 — Three sponge species accumulated both trace metals and MPs off India; sponge morphology influences contamination levels. - 6760 — MPs and hydrophobic organic pollutants interact in water, sometimes producing synergistic toxicity worse than individual exposures. - 6771 — MPs in soil carry and spread antibiotic resistance genes, extending their persistence and transmission range. - 6775 — MPs found in 62% of Turkish lake crayfish; fiber and PE fragments dominate, linked to wastewater and textile inputs. - 6789 — Electrocoagulation hybrid systems remove >95% of MPs from wastewater; promising scalable treatment solution. - 6802 — Biodegradable PLA microplastics disrupted soil bacteria and nitrogen cycling more than conventional plastics, especially at small particle sizes. - 6811 — PVC and PLA MPs at 1–5% in wetland sediments shifted microbial communities toward methane production and denitrification.

The paper investigates the process of fatigue damage accumulation in clad D16 aluminum alloy under regular and irregular cyclic loading. A universal methodological approach is proposed for the quantitative evaluation of damage degree, based on the analysis of the evolution of the deformation relief on the specimen surface. Based on the digital processing of high‑resolution surface images, a damage parameter D was determined, characterizing the number of binarized bright elements resulting from microplastic strains. It is shown that the parameter D increases monotonically throughout the loading period until macrocrack initiation and exhibits a clearly nonlinear behavior; for instance, a deceleration in its change is observed at the final stages of cyclic loading. A comparative analysis of regular and irregular loading was carried out, and it was found that the number of cycles to failure practically does not depend on the sequence order of amplitudes in the random loading spectrum. A significant dependence of damage parameters on the magnitude of the applied maximum load amplitude was determined. The results confirm the feasibility of using digital surface analysis methods to assess material condition under cyclic loading and predict residual life.

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