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Analysis on Air Pollutants in COVID-19 Lockdown Using Satellite Imagery: A Study on Pakistan
Summary
Satellite imagery was used to analyze air pollutant concentrations including CO, NO2, and aerosols in Pakistan during COVID-19 lockdown periods, finding temporary reductions in some pollutants followed by rapid rebound as restrictions eased. The study demonstrates that industrial and transport emissions are dominant drivers of urban air pollution in Pakistan, with lockdowns providing only short-term environmental relief.
In recent years, due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, there is an increasing trend of air pollution that has brought the most alarming situation for the health of humans in some developing countries. Among various air pollutants, the most dangerous contaminants are CO (Carbon Monoxide), NO2 (Nitrogen Dioxide) as well as O3 (Ozone). This paper conducted a crucial analysis by utilizing the GEE cloud-based platform with Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite imagery of multi-temporal range to analyze the changes of NO2, CO, and O3 at a surface level during the nationwide lockdown in Pakistan due to COVID-19. As the whole country "shuts down", the sudden suspension of industrial activities and sparse vehicles on roads greatly reduced the air pollution. Our study found a notable reduction in NO2 (28.88%), CO (15.81%), and O3 (8.41%). The improvement in the air quality helps people who are suffering from respiratory and related diseases. Our study is helpful for the environmental department to design effective policies and take measures to improve and maintain the air quality.
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