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Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and metal-free/metal-loaded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics improved biochar properties and reduced environmental risk of heavy metals

Environmental Pollution 2022 45 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 45 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Jun Meng, Jun Meng, Wenjin Li, Jun Meng, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Wenjin Li, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Jun Meng, Jun Meng, Haibo Zhang, Wenjin Li, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Ghulam Haider, Ghulam Haider, Ghulam Haider, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Ghulam Haider, Ghulam Haider, Yule Zhang, Yule Zhang, Wenjin Li, Zhangtao Li, Haibo Zhang, Tida Ge, Ghulam Haider, Ghulam Haider, Ghulam Haider, Wenjin Li, Zhangtao Li, Shengdao Shan Shengdao Shan, Haibo Zhang, Tida Ge, Yijun Yu, Tida Ge, Tida Ge, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Tida Ge, Tida Ge, Shengdao Shan, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Shengdao Shan, Tida Ge, Ghulam Haider, Shengdao Shan Shengdao Shan Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Zhangtao Li, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Zhangtao Li, Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Jun Meng, Tida Ge, Shengdao Shan Yijun Yu, Haibo Zhang, Tida Ge, Tida Ge, Tida Ge, Haibo Zhang, Yijun Yu, Shengdao Shan Shengdao Shan, Shengdao Shan, Zhangtao Li, Shengdao Shan, Tida Ge, Shengdao Shan Shengdao Shan Haibo Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Shengdao Shan, Tida Ge, Shengdao Shan, Tida Ge, Haibo Zhang, Shengdao Shan Jun Meng, Ghulam Haider, Ghulam Haider, Tida Ge, Haibo Zhang, Tida Ge, Haibo Zhang, Tida Ge, Tida Ge, Haibo Zhang, Tida Ge, Shengdao Shan

Summary

Sewage sludge was co-pyrolyzed with metal-laden and metal-free PVC microplastics, producing biochars with improved properties and reduced environmental risk from heavy metals compared to pyrolyzing sludge alone. The study demonstrates co-pyrolysis as a strategy to address both plastic and heavy metal pollution in sludge treatment processes.

Polymers

PVC

Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and plastics have been utilized for producing biochars as a strategy to fix plastic pollution. However, comparative studies on the characteristics and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochars obtained by the co-pyrolysis of sludge and microplastic with/without metal additives are seldom. Here we demonstrated the effects of simulated co-pyrolysis (at 400 °C) of sewage sludge and metal-free or metal-loaded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics at different mass ratios (1:0, 19:1, 3:1, 1:3, sewage sludge: PVC (w/w)) respectively. Results revealed that co-pyrolysis of metal-loaded PVC and sewage sludge resulted in higher electrical conductivity, ash content, and an acidic pH of biochars as compared to the co-pyrolysis of metal-free PVC and sewage sludge. Addition of metal-loaded PVC increased total concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in biochars, but reduced the bioavailability of Cd, chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in biochars. Analysis of chemical speciation showed that heavy metals (except Pb) in biochars derived from co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and metal-loaded PVC had higher percentage of more stable fraction (residual fraction) and lower potential ecological risk index (RI) value. S1AP3 (sludge: metal-loaded PVC = 1:3) biochar had the lowest environmental risk based on RI value (14.41). To sum up the present study suggests that the addition of metal-loaded PVC microplastic in sewage sludge had a positive impact on the immobilization of heavy metals during co-pyrolysis process.

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