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Use of Wood in Additive Manufacturing: Review and Future Prospects
Summary
This review examines the use of wood particles and wood-based fillers in additive manufacturing processes including fused deposition modeling, summarizing the effects of wood content and particle properties on printability and mechanical performance. The authors identify wood-filled polymers as a cost-reducing and sustainability-oriented option for 3D printing but note that moisture sensitivity and variable fiber properties remain key technical challenges.
Polymers filled with natural-based fillers have shown growing demand/interest in recent years, including in additive manufacturing. Like most natural fillers in 3D printing, wood particles serve mainly as a filler that lowers the cost of the printing material due to their low price. However, could wood be used as a main ingredient to affect/improve the properties of 3D-printed parts? Several advantages, such as its reinforcing ability, biodegradability, availability as waste material from other industries, ability to be used in different forms or only in partial components, recycling options or even the use of its undesirable hydromorph-induced dimensional instability for 4D printing, indicate the importance of exploring its use in 3D printing. A review of publications on 3D printing with wood biomass and technologies involving the use of wood particles and components was conducted to identify the possibilities of using wood in additive technologies and their potential.
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