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Evaluation of the biological effects of microplastic, triclosan and 17α ethinylestradiol interaction in tropical estuarine species: An ecotoxicological approach.
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This study evaluated the biological effects of combined exposure to microplastics, the antibacterial agent triclosan, and the synthetic hormone ethinylestradiol on tropical estuarine species. Using an ecotoxicological approach, researchers found that microplastics can act as vectors for these co-contaminants, increasing their combined toxic effects on aquatic organisms.
Os efluentes domésticos são uma mistura complexa de diferentes substâncias, incluindo microplásticos e fármacos e produtos para cuidados pessoais (FPCPs). Microplásticos apresentam afinidade com substâncias hidrofóbicas tais como o hormônio sintético 17α etinil-estradiol o bactericida triclosan, e podem interagir em ambientes aquáticos atuando como vetores de dispersão dessas substâncias, com potenciais efeitos a biota. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar efeitos tóxicos de microplásticos contaminados com FPCPs através de uma abordagem ecotoxicológica empregando organismos estuarinos. Os organismos ostra do mangue (Crassostrea brasiliana), caranguejo-uçá (Ucides cordatus) e robalo (Centropomus undecimalis) foram expostos a tratamentos: controle (C); microplásticos sem contaminação (MP); e microplástico contaminado com 17α etinil-estradiol (MPE); microplástico contaminado com triclosan (MPT). Os organismos foram expostos por 3 e 7 dias. Para as ostras e os caranguejos, a posteriori à exposição, 10 organismos/ tratamento/ tempo tiveram sua saúde celular avaliada mediante ao ensaio de estabilidade da membrana lisossômica na hemolinfa. Após o encerramento dos ensaios também foram separados tecidos de 7 organismos para as análises de biomarcadores bioquímicos (EROD, DBF, GST, GPx, GSH, LPO, danos em DNA e ChE) nas ostras (brânquias, glândulas digestivas e músculos adutores), caranguejos (brânquias, hepatopâncreas e músculos) e GST, GPx, GSH, LPO, danos em DNA e ChE em peixes (brânquias, fígado, intestino, músculo e cérebro). Os 3 organismos restantes de cada espécie foram separados para determinações analíticas nos níveis de 17α etinil-estradiol e triclosan. Ambas as substâncias avaliadas EE2 e TCS tiveram sua presença detectada na água e nos organismos expostos. Ao serem inseridas no meio experimental as partículas de polietileno sem contaminação e contaminadas com EE2 e TCS foram capazes de promover efeitos bioquímicos nas enzimas de fase I, fase II, sistema anti-oxidante, levar ao estresse oxidativo e desencadear danos em DNA e efeitos neurotóxicos e citotóxicos nas três espécies modelos C. brasiliana, U. cordatus e C. undecimalis nos diferentes tecidos avaliados. Ao compararmos os efeitos das substâncias adsorvidas pelos MPs, o TCS mesmo em menor concentração se mostrou mais tóxico que o EE2 para as espécies modelos. Quando os organismos foram comparados entre si o fator espécie se mostrou o mais relevante para ocorrência de efeitos dos MPs de uma maneira geral. A partir dos dados obtidos é possível inferir que os microplásticos de polietino associados aos FPCPs 17α etinil-estradiol e triclosan conferem risco aos ecossistemas estuarinos tropicais e as espécies Crassostrea brasiliana, Ucides cordatus e Centropomus undecimalis podendo gerar perturbações ecológicas à cadeia alimentar estuarina.
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Microplastics and 17α Ethinylestradiol: How Do Different Aquatic Invertebrates Respond to This Combination of Contaminants?
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Researchers tested how microplastics combined with the synthetic hormone ethinylestradiol, a common contraceptive ingredient found in wastewater, affect two tropical estuarine species: oysters and crabs. They found that microplastics carrying the hormone increased toxic effects compared to either pollutant alone, causing oxidative stress and cellular damage across multiple organs. The study suggests that the combination of microplastics and hormone pollutants in waterways may pose greater risks to aquatic life than previously recognized.
Toxic effects of triclosan in aquatic organisms: A review focusing on single and combined exposure of environmental conditions and pollutants
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This review examines how triclosan, an antibacterial chemical found in many personal care products, harms aquatic organisms both on its own and in combination with other pollutants including microplastics. When triclosan and microplastics are present together in water, they can produce combined toxic effects that are worse than either alone. Since triclosan is widely used and microplastics are everywhere, their interaction in the environment is an important consideration for both ecosystem and human health.
Interactions of microplastics and organic compounds in aquatic environments: A case study of augmented joint toxicity
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Researchers investigated how polystyrene microplastics interact with the antimicrobial compound triclosan in simulated environmental and cellular conditions. They found that surface-functionalized microplastics adsorbed significantly more triclosan and released it under cellular conditions, with the combination producing greater toxicity to human intestinal cells than either contaminant alone. The study suggests that microplastics can amplify the harmful effects of co-occurring organic pollutants.
Synergistic Pollution: Interactions Among Polyethylene, Surfactants, and Antibiotics in an Aquatic Environment
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Researchers investigated synergistic pollution effects among polyethylene microplastics, surfactants, and antibiotics in aquatic systems, finding that co-presence enhanced the environmental persistence and bioavailability of antibiotics beyond what microplastics or surfactants caused individually.
Microplastics and antibiotic toxicity in aquatic organisms: Exposure, interactions and mechanisms.
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This review summarizes existing studies on water-dwelling animals exposed to both microplastics and antibiotics together. Results varied: some studies found combined effects were stronger, weaker, or inconsistent depending on dose and outcome measured. The authors propose a framework for judging how strong this evidence is, noting current research has not established clear cause-and-effect at realistic exposure levels.
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