Influence of Settlement Patterns on University Student Mobility Preferences: An Accessibility-Based Analysis of Private Vehicle Use

This study attempts to observe how settlement patterns influence mobility preferences, with primary attention directed to private vehicle accessibility to Batam International University (UIB). A quantitative approach was taken, where data were collected both online and offline through a survey distributed to 235 respondents drawn from the academic community. The analytical process used descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression to trace the relationship between residential conditions and perceived accessibility. The results indicate that 68.1% of respondents commute by motorcycle, while 43.8% live within planned housing areas. Certain factors, including private vehicle ownership and residential status, show a statistically significant relationship with accessibility satisfaction, measured through indicators such as travel time, ease of access, and road conditions. The regression output further shows that type of residence, transport mode, and study program together explain approximately 32.9% of the variance in accessibility satisfaction, suggesting an influence that exists but does not fully account for it. Additionally, the findings highlight that two-wheeled vehicles tend to perform better than four-wheeled ones in terms of flexibility and time efficiency, particularly in areas where road infrastructure is congested or underdeveloped. These outcomes point to the necessity of integrating settlement planning with sustainable transportation strategies to gradually reduce reliance on private vehicles. Educational institutions and local government are therefore recommended to strengthen public transport services, promote multimodal accessibility, and implement infrastructure improvements focused on residential zones with low accessibility. By presenting empirical evidence from a Southeast Asian island city, this research contributes to the broader discussion on campus mobility, spatial equity, and transport policy in rapidly urbanizing regions.