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Vicia faba seed: A bioindicator of phytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of light crude oils
Summary
Researchers assessed the phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of light crude oil-contaminated soil on Vicia faba seeds by planting seeds in soils at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4% crude oil concentrations, finding toxic effects on germination and root length even at the lowest concentration. Cytological examination of root tip cells revealed increased mitotic index and chromosome aberrations, confirming genotoxic damage at all exposure levels.
Abstract Crude oil contamination is a serious threat to the environment and human health. The present study aimed at assessing the risk of contaminated soil with light crude oil using Vicia faba seed. To this end, the seeds were planted in 0 (control), 1, 2, and 4% (w/w) light crude oil-contaminated soils. The seed germination and then the root lengths were measured for phytotoxicity. The mitotic index, chromosome aberrations, and micronucleus formation in the root tip cells were examined for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The results of this study showed that light crude oil had toxic effects on Vicia faba growth characteristics, even at 1%. The phytotoxicity assay showed that crude oil reduced seed germination and root length, while cytological observations indicated an increase in mitotic index, chromosome aberrations, and micronucleus formation. The light crude oil at 4% induced the simultaneous occurrence of nuclear bud, polyploidy, and micronucleus that may be considered as severe clastogenic and aneugenic effects of light crude oil. Accordingly, V. faba can be considered a reliable living system for monitoring light crude oil pollution in soils, even at low concentrations.
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