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Heavy Metal Analysis in of Indoor and Outdoor Dust Extracts and Cytotoxicity evaluation and inflammation factors on Lung, Gastric and Skin Cell Lines
Summary
Researchers measured heavy metal concentrations in indoor and outdoor urban dust samples from three traffic-intensity zones in Neyshabur, Iran, and evaluated cytotoxic effects of aqueous dust extracts on lung, gastric, and skin cell lines. They found indoor dust contained higher heavy metal concentrations than outdoor dust, and both extracts showed significant cytotoxic and inflammatory effects on cell lines, with effects differing significantly between indoor and outdoor samples.
Abstract Background: Urban dust particles are one of the most worrying parts of the urban environment in terms of public health, which is considered the richest carriers of heavy metals and other pollutants in these areas. Heavy metals have aroused widespread attention due to their non-degradability, high toxicity and cumulative carcinogenic effects. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of indoor and outdoor dust extracts on lung, gastric and skin cell lines in Neyshabur, Iran. Thus, the city of Neyshabur was divided into three areas, high-traffic, medium-traffic and low-traffic (rural), based on the urban traffic map. Sampling of deposited urban dust was performed from inside residential houses (indoor dust) and outside residential houses (outdoor dust), followed by measuring the concentration of heavy metals in all samples. Aqueous extracts of these compounds were prepared to determine their cytotoxicity and gene expression effects on lung carcinoma cell lines (A549), gastric cancer cell lines (AGS) and normal fibroblasts (L929).Results: The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in indoor dust samples was higher than outdoor dust samples. Independent t-test was performed to measure the difference in toxicity between indoor and outdoor samples. According to the P value of 0.015, there was a significant difference between these two samples. The indoor samples had higher toxicity for the study cell lines. The results revealed a higher concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the indoor samples. One-way ANOVA test found no significant difference between the level of toxicity and the type of cell lines. Based on this test, there was a significant difference between the type of traffic situation and the degree of toxicity. The p-value = 0.005 and Tukey's test indicated a significant difference between high traffic areas and medium traffic areas (p = 0.019) and low-traffic areas (p = 0.008), so that the dust in areas with high traffic had a higher degree of toxicity. Conclusion: Due to the higher concentration of heavy metals in indoor dust and the degree of damage caused by these compounds on cell lines, we need to be more sensitive to the appliances probably exposed to these pollutants, especially when it comes to children living indoors.
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