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First assessment of microplastic and artificial microfiber contamination in surface waters of the Amazon Continental Shelf
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Researchers characterized microplastics in surface water of the Amazon Continental Shelf for the first time, finding particles at all 57 sampling sites with higher concentrations during the rainy season. Polyamide, polyurethane, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene were the most common polymer types, and concentrations were highest near river mouths and coastal cities.
The composition and distribution of microplastics (MPs) in the Brazilian Amazon Continental Shelf surface waters are described for the first time. The study was conducted during the 2018 rainy and dry seasons, using 57 water samples collected with aluminum buckets and filtered through a 64-μm mesh. The samples were vacuum-filtered in a still-air box, and the content of each filter was measured, counted, and classified. A total of 12,288 floating MPs were retrieved; particles were present at all 57 sampling points. The mean MP abundance was 3593 ± 2264 items·m, with significantly higher values during the rainy season (1500 to 12,967; 4772 ± 2761 items·m) than in the dry season (323 to 5733; 2672 ± 1167 items·m). Polyamides (PA), polyurethane (PU), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were the most common polymers identified through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Cellulose-based textile fibers were also abundant (~40%). Our results indicate that the Amazon Continental Shelf is contaminated with moderate to high levels of MPs; the highest abundances were recorded at stations near land-based sources such as river mouths and large coastal cities.
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This review examines microplastic pollution in the Amazon region and finds contamination levels comparable to heavily polluted areas worldwide. Poor sanitation is a major source, with fibers being the most common particle type found in water, sediment, and wildlife. Despite the Amazon's global ecological importance, research on microplastics there has been very limited, and the authors call for urgent expansion of scientific monitoring.
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