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The interaction effects of degradable microplastics and Cd to Folsomia candida soil collembolan
Summary
Researchers found that the combined exposure of degradable microplastics and cadmium to soil collembolans (Folsomia candida) produced interaction effects on soil organisms, demonstrating that co-occurring microplastics and heavy metals in real field soils can pose compounded risks to soil ecosystem health.
Abstract Microplastics have become a major safety concern for soil ecosystem, but in real field soil conditions, multiple chemicals exposure may be the real scenario for soil biota. The co-occurrence of microplastics and Cadmium (Cd) is common in soils, which may pose a potential risks to soil ecosystems. Meanwhile, although degradable microplastics are suggested to use, the potential effects on soil ecosystems are unknown. Therefore, a standard soil animal collembolan Folsomia candida ( F. candida ) was used to evaluation the single and interaction effects of degradable microplastics and Cd. The results showed that single and co-microplastics and Cd all had negative influences on the survival, reproduction and growth of F. candida , and the effects intensified with microplastics concentrations. But combined microplastic and Cd alleviated the toxicity of single chemical on F. candida at lower microplastics concentrations. Biochemical assays on antioxidant enzymes had the same results. Toxicity endpoints reproduction was not more sensitive than survival and growth. Antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD was more sensitive than SOD, thus may be promising biomarkers on soil collembolan for soil microplastics exposure.