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Experimental and computational hazard prediction associated with reuse of recycled car tire material
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Researchers found that recycled car tire microparticles leach hazardous chemicals — including phthalates, benzene, and benzothiazole — into water, with leaching rates influenced by pH, temperature, particle size, and incubation time, raising environmental concerns about using tire waste in civil engineering applications.
The paper presents research on the emission of pollutants from used car tires in the form of microparticles. Due to the large amount of waste generated in the form of used car tires, a method is being sought to utilize this material as secondary raw material. More and more frequently, this waste is used in civil engineering. To do this, it is necessary to determine the environmental impact of this waste. 2 g of microplastic samples with fractions of 3000-8000, 1000-3000, 1000, and 600 µm were incubated in water protected from light. The influence of pH (3, 7, and 10), incubation time (1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 d) and temperature (20, 60, and 90 °C) on the degree of emission of selected phthalic acid esters and other tire components was investigated. Additionally, the influence of the decomposition of the analyzed material on the emission of methane and carbon dioxide at the temperature of 20 °C during 30, 180, and 360 days was investigated. The analysis of the amount of released substances was carried out using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer. Greenhouse gas analysis was performed using a gas chromatograph with a Barrier Discharge Ionization Detector. The research carried out confirmed that, depending on the environmental conditions, tire particles leach out, among others, phthalates, benzenediamine, phenol, benzothiazole, and benzene. Influence of particle size, pH value, incubation time, and temperature on the degree of emission of selected plasticizers was investigated. An innovative aspect of the research was the use of artificial neural networks to identify the validity of using machine algorithms in environmental research. An additional negative aspect of the implementation of tire particles in the water-soil environment is the emission of carbon dioxide and methane that are greenhouse gases.
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UV and thermal degradation of tire derivatives: A comparative study of unused tires, recycled tire chips, and tire and road wear particles
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Researchers compared UV and thermal aging behavior of unused tires, recycled tire chips, and tire and road wear particles, finding that material history and particle size influenced degradation rate and benzothiazole leaching—a marker of toxicological concern from tire-derived microplastics.
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When sewage sludge containing tire wear particles was treated with high heat and pressure, the process accelerated the release of harmful chemicals from the tire rubber into the liquid byproduct. Researchers identified 144 different chemical compounds leaching from the tire particles, many of which were toxic to aquatic organisms and plants -- highlighting how waste treatment processes can inadvertently spread tire-derived microplastic pollution.
Risk assessment of tire wear in the environment – a literature review
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This review assesses the environmental risks of tire wear emissions, which release microplastic-like particles containing polymers and potentially toxic chemicals into water and soil. While initial risk estimates suggest low risk from the particulate emissions themselves, the chemicals that leach from tire particles remain poorly characterized. The findings are relevant to human health because tire wear is one of the largest sources of microplastic pollution, and the leached chemicals may enter drinking water.
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Researchers quantified how leachate toxicity from tire wear particles (TWP) changes with weathering over time, using aging experiments and toxicity bioassays to map the temporal dynamics of toxic compound release. Toxicity peaked during early weathering as soluble compounds leached rapidly, then declined, providing data relevant to risk assessment of TWP in stormwater runoff.
Environmental risks of car tire microplastic particles and other road runoff pollutants
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Researchers conducted the first comprehensive environmental risk assessment of tire wear microplastic particles and their associated chemical pollutants in European road runoff. They found that tire wear particles and several related chemicals pose measurable risks to organisms in surface water and sediment. The study suggests that tire wear is a significant but often overlooked source of microplastic pollution with real consequences for aquatic ecosystems.
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