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Semi-crystalline microplastics in wastewater plant effluents and removal efficiencies of post-treatment filtration systems

Water Research X 2022 35 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 40 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Hajo Bitter, Leonie Krause, Franziska Kirchen, Thomas Fundneider, Susanne Lackner

Summary

Researchers measured microplastic mass concentrations in secondary effluents from four German wastewater treatment plants and found that post-treatment filtration systems, particularly sand filters and membrane bioreactors, substantially reduced the release of semi-crystalline microplastic particles into aquatic environments.

Study Type Environmental

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and have been found in every environmental compartment. Wastewater and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as possible point sources contributing to the emission of microplastic particles (MPP) into the aquatic environment. So far, MPP in wastewater effluents have mainly been analyzed by spectroscopic methods resulting in concentrations as number per volume. In this study, we present mass concentrations in the secondary effluents of four German municipal WWTPs, removal efficiencies of seven post-treatment systems and the resulting load emissions. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used for the analysis of semi-crystalline MPs. The concentrations of secondary effluents ranged from 0.1 to 19.6 µg L. Removal efficiencies > 94% were found for a microfiltration membrane (MF), two cloth types of a pile cloth media filter (PCMF), a micro strainer, a discontinuous downflow granulated activated carbon filter (GAC) and a powdered activated carbon (PAC) stage with clarifier and rapid sand filtration. A rapid sand filter (RSF) at WWTP B showed a removal efficiency of 82.38%. Only a continuous upflow GAC filter at WWTP C proved to be unsuitable for MP removal with an average removal efficiency of 1.9%.

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