Physical and biomimetic treatment methods to reduce microplastic waste accumulation

BACKGROUND: Since the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019, the use of plastics has increased exponentially, so it is imperative to manage and dispose of these plastic wastes safely. OBJECTIVES: This review focuses on the management strategies governed by the policies of each country to reduce plastic waste through physical collection methods and methods that use eco-imitation technologies. RESULTS: Thus far, physical treatment methods have been applied to sewage and drinking water treatment. The abilities of bio-inspired treatment methods are being assessed in terms of capturing microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), extracting substances from marine organisms, reducing toxicity, and developing alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. CONCLUSIONS: Various post-treatment methods have been proposed to collect and remove MPs and NPs that have reached into aquatic ecosystems and subsequently reduce their toxicity. However, there are limitations that the effectiveness of these methods is hindered by the lack of policies governing the entire process of plastic use before the post-treatment. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We purpose to reduce plastic waste through methods that use eco-imitation technologies. RECENT FINDINGS: These eco-imitation methods are attracting attention as viable future plastic waste treatment options in line with the goals of sustainable development.