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Adsorption nature of micro and nanoplastics
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This review covers the adsorption properties of micro- and nanoplastics, examining how their surfaces accumulate environmental contaminants including heavy metals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals from aqueous media. Nanoplastics—particles below 1 µm—are highlighted for their greater capacity to penetrate biological membranes and their higher toxic potential compared to larger microplastics. The authors discuss how the adsorptive nature of plastic particles enables them to act as vectors that concentrate and transport chemical pollutants through ecosystems and into food chains.
Plastika je danas široko rasprostranjena u okolišu, a zbog njene spore razgradnje sve veća prisutnost plastičnih onečišćujućih tvari uzrokuje veliku zabrinutost. Utjecajem vanjskih čimbenika kao što su: vodene struje, vjetar, ultraljubičasto zračenje i dr. dolazi do usitnjavanja plastike na manje segmente. Mikroplastikom se nazivaju čestice plastike promjera 1 μm-5 mm, a nanoplastikom čestice promjera manjeg od 1 μm. Vrlo visoke koncentracije mikro i nanoplastike detektirane su u vodenim medijima: oceanima, rijekama i jezerima - posebice visoko industrijaliziranim područjima. Općenito, plastika se u okolišu akumulira i zadržava dugi niz godina, a zbog svoje male veličine, mikro i nanoplastika u okolišu mogu štetno utjecati na ljudsko zdravlje - životinje ih često zamijene svojom hranom čime završavaju u njihovom organizmu, a posljedično time i u ljudskom. Unos ingestijom može se štetno odraziti na rast, reprodukciju i endokrini sustav. Uz to, nanoplastika, koja je još manje veličine od mikroplastike, ima veću sposobnost da prodire kroz biološke površine od mikroplastike i ima još toksičniji učinak na ljudsko zdravlje. Čak je i broj objavljenih radova na temu mikroplastike eksponencijalno narastao od 1970. pa do sada, a uočen je i porast broja istraživanja na temu adsorpcije na mikroplastiku. Efekt adsorpcije nanoplastike također je vrlo bitan, budući da je otkriveno da ona može na svojoj površini nakupljati razne tvari te tako, kao i mikroplastika, služiti kao vektor za prijenos raznih štetnih onečišćujućih tvari.
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